Rank The surname's ranking is determined by its frequency of occurrence | Surname | Incidence The number of people who share the same surname | Frequency The ratio of people who share the same surname |
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1 | Hernandez Spanish (Hernández) and Jewish (Sephardic): patronymic from the personal name Hernando (see Fernando). This surname also became established in southern Italy, mainly in Naples and Palermo, since the period of Spanish dominance there, and as a result of the expulsion of the Jews from Spain and Portugal at the end of the 15th century, many of whom moved to Italy. | 246,336 | 1:26 |
2 | Martinez Spanish (Martínez): patronymic from the personal name Martin. | 191,215 | 1:33 |
3 | Lopez Spanish (López): patronymic from the medieval personal name Lope (from Latin lupus ‘wolf’). This is one of the commonest of all Spanish surnames. | 143,979 | 1:44 |
4 | Garcia Spanish (García) and Portuguese: from a medieval personal name of uncertain origin. It is normally found in medieval records in the Latin form Garsea, and may well be of pre-Roman origin, perhaps akin to Basque (h)artz ‘bear’. | 133,787 | 1:47 |
5 | Rodriguez Spanish (Rodríguez) and Portuguese: patronymic from the personal name Rodrigo. | 109,124 | 1:58 |
6 | Flores Spanish: from the plural of flor ‘flower’. | 106,862 | 1:59 |
7 | Perez Spanish (Pérez) and Jewish (Sephardic): patronymic from the personal name Pedro, Spanish equivalent of Peter. Jewish: variant of Peretz. | 105,664 | 1:60 |
8 | Ramirez Spanish (Ramírez): patronymic from the personal name Ramiro, composed of the Germanic elements ragin ‘counsel’ + mari, meri ‘fame’. | 98,004 | 1:65 |
9 | Gonzalez Spanish (González): patronymic from the personal name Gonzalo, a personal name of Visigothic origin, based on the Germanic element gunþ ‘battle’. Compare Portuguese Gonçalves (see Goncalves). | 95,230 | 1:67 |
10 | Vasquez Galician and possibly also Spanish: patronymic from the personal name Vasco, reduced form of Spanish Velásquez (see Velasquez). | 87,136 | 1:73 |
11 | Rivera Spanish: habitational name from any of the places named Rivera, a variant of Ribera. Italian: northern variant of the southern (especially Sicily) topographic name Ribera. Catalan: in some cases, variant of Catalan Ribera. | 86,265 | 1:74 |
12 | Cruz Spanish and Portuguese: from a common and widespread religious Christian personal name from cruz ‘cross’ (Latin crux), or a habitational name from any of numerous places named Cruz or La Cruz, from this word. | 82,705 | 1:77 |
13 | Mejia Spanish (Mejía): probably from a religious byname (possibly under Jewish influence), from a vernacular form of Latin, Greek Messias ‘Messiah’, from Hebrew mašia?h ‘anointed’. | 73,354 | 1:86 |
14 | Sanchez Spanish (Sánchez): patronymic from the personal name Sancho. | 71,312 | 1:89 |
15 | Rivas Spanish: habitational name from any of the places named Rivas or Ribas, a variant of Ribas. in some cases, variant of Catalan Ribes (see Ribas). | 70,273 | 1:90 |
16 | Reyes plural variant of Rey. Castilianized form of the Galician habitational name Reis. | 60,958 | 1:104 |
17 | Diaz Spanish (Díaz): patronymic from the medieval personal name Didacus (see Diego). | 59,183 | 1:107 |
18 | Ramos Portugese and Spanish: habitational name from any of the towns called Ramos, in Portugal and Spain. Portuguese and Spanish: from the plural of ramo ‘branch’ (Latin ramus), a topographic name for someone who lived in a thickly wooded area. | 58,875 | 1:108 |
19 | Gomez Spanish (Gómez): from a medieval personal name, probably of Visigothic origin, from guma ‘man’. Compare Gomes. | 57,795 | 1:110 |
20 | Portillo Spanish: habitational name from any of the places named Portillo, from the diminutive of puerto ‘mountain pass’, notably those in Valladolid, Soria, and Toledo. | 55,908 | 1:113 |
21 | Escobar Spanish: topographic name for someone who lived in a place overgrown with broom, from a collective form of escoba ‘broom’ (Late Latin scopa), or a habitational name from any of the various places named with this word: for example, Escobar de Campos (León), Escobar de Polendos (Segovia), and three minor places in Murcia. | 53,614 | 1:118 |
22 | Orellana Spanish: habitational name from either of two places in Badajoz province, probably so called from Latin villa Aureliana ‘estate of Aurelius’ (see Orell). | 52,536 | 1:121 |
23 | Aguilar Spanish, Catalan, and Jewish (Sephardic): habitational name from any of numerous places called Aguilar, from Latin aquilare ‘haunt of eagles’ (a derivative of aquila ‘eagle’), for example Aguilar de Campo in Palencia, Aguilar de la Frontera in Córdoba, and Aguilar de Segarra in Catalonia. | 49,365 | 1:129 |
24 | Romero Spanish: nickname from romero ‘pilgrim’, originally ‘pilgrim to Rome’ (see Romeo). | 48,415 | 1:131 |
25 | Alvarado Spanish: habitational name from a place in Badajoz province called Alvarado. | 46,412 | 1:137 |
26 | Amaya Spanish: habitational name, from the name of a mountain and an ancient city in the province of Burgos, probably derived from Basque amai ‘end’ + the article suffix -a. Japanese: usually written with characters meaning ‘heavenly valley’. It is pronounced Amaya or Amagai in eastern Japan and Amatani in western Japan. | 42,311 | 1:150 |
27 | Ayala Basque: habitational name or topographic name from Basque ai ‘slope’, ‘hillside’ + al(h)a ‘pasture’. | 41,056 | 1:155 |
28 | Torres Galician, Catalan, Spanish, Portuguese, and Jewish (Sephardic): habitational name from any of the numerous places named Torres, all named with the plural of torre ‘tower’ (see Torre). Italian: habitational name from Torres in Belluno or Porto Torres in Sassari. In southern Italy the surname is sometimes a borrowing from Spanish (see 1). Dutch: from a short form of Victoris, from the Latin personal name Victorius. | 40,424 | 1:157 |
29 | Argueta Basque: topographic name from Basque argi ‘light’ + -eta ‘place or abundance of’, and so probably denoting a clearing. | 40,422 | 1:157 |
30 | Morales Spanish: topographic name from the plural of moral ‘mulberry tree’. | 40,060 | 1:158 |
31 | Guevara Basque: Castilianized form of Basque Gebara, a habitational name from a place in the Basque province of Araba. The origin and meaning of the place name are uncertain; it is recorded in the form Gebala by the geographer Ptolemy in the 2nd century ad. This is a rare name in Spain. | 39,818 | 1:159 |
32 | Campos Portuguese: topographic name from campos ‘fields’, denoting someone who lived in the countryside as opposed to a town. | 39,471 | 1:161 |
33 | Pineda Spanish and Catalan: habitational name from any of the places in the provinces of Barcelona, Cuenca, and Burgos named Pineda, from Spanish and Catalan pineda ‘pine forest’. in some instances possibly Asturian-Leonese Piñeda, from a town called Piñeda in Asturies. | 38,797 | 1:164 |
34 | Castro Galician, Portuguese, Italian, and Jewish (Sephardic): topographic name from castro ‘castle’, ‘fortress’ (Latin castrum ‘fort’, ‘Roman walled city’): in Galicia and also in northern Portugal a habitational name from any of various places named with this word; in Italy either a topographic name or a habitational name. | 38,405 | 1:165 |
35 | Mendoza Basque: habitational name from several places in the provinces of Arava and Biscay called Mendoza, named with Basque mendi ‘mountain’ + otz ‘cold’ + the definite article -a. | 38,138 | 1:166 |
36 | Chavez Spanish (Chávez): variant spelling of Chaves. | 38,023 | 1:167 |
37 | Molina Spanish and Catalan: habitational name from any of numerous places named Molina, in particular the one in Guadalajara province. | 37,951 | 1:167 |
38 | Mendez Galician (Méndez): patronymic from the personal name Mendo (see Mendes, of which this is the Galician equivalent). | 37,287 | 1:170 |
39 | Alfaro Spanish: habitational name from a place in Logroño province named Alfaro, apparently from Arabic al ‘the’ + Old Spanish faro ‘beacon’, ‘lighthouse’. | 36,747 | 1:173 |
40 | Castillo Spanish: from castillo ‘castle’, ‘fortified building’ (Latin castellum), a habitational name from any of numerous places so named or named with this word. | 35,325 | 1:180 |
41 | Guzman Spanish (Guzmán): of uncertain and disputed etymology, probably from a Germanic personal name. Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): variant of Gusman. | 35,109 | 1:181 |
42 | Bonilla Spanish: habitational name from Bonilla in Cuenca province or Bonilla de la Sierra in Ávila province. | 34,680 | 1:183 |
43 | Ortiz Spanish: patronymic from the Basque personal name Orti (Latin Fortunius). | 34,247 | 1:185 |
44 | Fuentes Spanish: habitational name from any of numerous places named with fuentes, plural of fuente ‘spring’, ‘well’ (see Fuente), as for example Fuentes (Cuenca, Albacete, and Segovia provinces), Fuentes Calientes (Teruel), Fuentes de León (Badajoz), Fuentes de Valdepero (Palencia). | 33,817 | 1:188 |
45 | Henriquez Spanish (Henríquez): variant of Enríquez (see Enriquez). | 32,943 | 1:193 |
46 | Cortez Spanish: variant of Cortés (see Cortes). | 32,897 | 1:193 |
47 | Menjivar Basque: unexplained. | 31,267 | 1:203 |
48 | Quintanilla Spanish: habitational name from any of various places called Quintanilla, from a diminutive of quintana ‘country house’ (see Quintana). | 29,013 | 1:219 |
49 | Santos from a personal name, byname, or nickname, dos Santos (from Spanish Todos los Santos ‘All Saints’, Portuguese Todos os santos), typically bestowed on a child born on All Saints’ Day. in many cases, a habitational name from any of the places named Santos, from the dedication of a local church or shrine to all the saints. This is a very common Portuguese surname. | 27,934 | 1:227 |
50 | Arevalo Spanish (Arévalo): habitational name from places called Arévalo, in the provinces of Ávila and Soria, or from various places named with this word. | 27,742 | 1:229 |
51 | Velasquez Spanish (Velásquez): patronymic from the personal name Velasco. | 26,461 | 1:240 |
52 | Alvarez Spanish (Álvarez): from a patronymic form of the personal name Álvaro (see Alvaro). | 26,300 | 1:241 |
53 | Herrera Spanish and Jewish (Sephardic): habitational name from villages so called in the provinces of Seville and Badajoz, from a word meaning ‘iron smithy’, ‘blacksmith’s forge’ (a derivative of hierro ‘iron’, Latin ferrum). French: habitational name from the Gascon form of Ferrière, a place in Pyrénées-Atlantique. The place name is derived from Latina ferraria ‘iron-mine’, ‘iron-forge’. | 26,086 | 1:243 |
54 | Ventura Italian, Spanish, Catalan, Portuguese, and Jewish (Sephardic): from a medieval personal name, a short form of Bonaventura or Buenaventura, meaning ‘good fortune’, or, in the case of the Italian name, a nickname from ventura ‘fortune’, ‘luck’. The name Bonaventura was borne in honor of a saint (1221–74) who was given this nickname by St. Francis of Assisi when he cured him miraculously as a child. | 25,882 | 1:245 |
55 | Gutierrez Spanish (Gutiérrez): patronymic from the medieval personal name Gutierre, from a Visigothic personal name of uncertain form and meaning, perhaps a compound of the elements gunþi ‘battle’ + hairus ‘sword’. | 25,100 | 1:253 |
56 | Rosales Spanish: habitational name from any of the places named Rosales, from the plural of rosal, collective of rosa ‘rose’ (see Rosal). Galician (Rosalés): name for someone from Rosal, a town in Baixo Miñ district in Galicia. | 24,683 | 1:257 |
57 | Melendez Spanish (Meléndez): variant of Menéndez (see Menendez). | 22,997 | 1:276 |
58 | Marroquin Portuguese and Spanish (Marroquín): ethnic name for someone from Morocco. | 22,616 | 1:281 |
59 | Jimenez Spanish (Jiménez): patronymic from the medieval personal name Jimeno, which is of pre-Roman origin. | 22,338 | 1:284 |
60 | Lemus Galician: probably a variant spelling of Lemos. | 21,737 | 1:292 |
61 | Palacios Spanish: variant (plural) of Palacio. | 21,449 | 1:296 |
62 | Miranda Spanish, Portuguese, and Jewish (Sephardic): habitational name from any of numerous places in Spain and Portugal called Miranda. The derivation of the place name is uncertain; it may be of pre-Roman origin, or from Latin miranda ‘view’, ‘outlook’. This name is also found in western India, where it was taken by Portuguese colonists. | 21,367 | 1:297 |
63 | Moran Irish: Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Móráin ‘descendant of Mórán’, a personal name meaning ‘great’, ‘large’; the stress is normally on the first syllable. English: variant of Morant, normally pronounced with the stress on the second syllable. Spanish (Morán): habitational name from places called Morán in Asturies, Galicia (Pontevedra) and Aragon (Zaragoza). | 20,727 | 1:306 |
64 | Calderon Spanish (Calderón): topographic name from an augmentative of caldera ‘basin’, ‘crater’, ‘hollow’, a common element of stream and mountain names, or a habitational name from a place named with this word, as for example Calderón in Valencia province. Alternatively, it may be a metonymic occupational name from the same word in the sense ‘kettle’, ‘cauldron’. | 20,440 | 1:310 |
65 | Benitez Spanish (Benítez): patronymic from Benito. | 20,343 | 1:312 |
66 | Guardado Portuguese and Spanish: from an adjectival derivative of guardar ‘to guard’. | 20,307 | 1:312 |
67 | Ruiz Spanish: patronymic from the personal name Ruy, a short formnof Rodrigo. DK, kh, RS | 19,293 | 1:329 |
68 | Beltran Spanish (Beltrán), Catalan, and southern French: from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements berht ‘bright’, ‘famous’ + hrabn ‘raven’. See also Bertram. | 18,864 | 1:336 |
69 | Serrano Spanish (also found in Portugal and Brazil): topographic name for someone who lived by a mountain ridge or chain of hills, from an adjectival derivative of serra. | 18,117 | 1:350 |
70 | Peña | 18,026 | 1:352 |
71 | Sandoval One who came from Sandoval, in Spain.The latin "sancto-vallis" - holy valley - provides the meaning of this surname. One who dwells in a holy valley.Castilian name from political subdivision of Villadiego (Burgos), and descended from Count Fernán-González. | 17,784 | 1:357 |
72 | Alvarenga Portuguese: habitational name from a place so named in Alveiro, which probably takes its name from the personal name Álvaro (see ALvaro). | 17,685 | 1:359 |
73 | Linares Spanish: habitational name from any of various places called Linares, as for example in the provinces of Jaén, Seville, Salamanca, Cantabria, Burgos, and Soria, from the plural of linar ‘flax field’ (Latin linare, a derivative of linum ‘flax’). Asturian-Leonese and Aragonese: Castilianized form of Asturian-Leonese Llinares (also L.linares), or Aragonese Linars, habitational names from the towns in Aragon named with the word linars ‘flax fields’. Spanish (Liñares): occupational name for a linen merchant, Latin linarius. | 17,455 | 1:363 |
74 | Contreras Spanish: habitational name from Conteraras, a place in the province of Burgos. The place name is derived from Late Latin contraria ‘surrounding area’, ‘region’ (from the preposition contra ‘opposite’, ‘against’, ‘hard by’). | 17,407 | 1:364 |
75 | Arias Spanish: from the popular medieval personal name Arias which is probably of Germanic origin. Jewish (Sephardic): adoption of the Spanish family name. | 17,215 | 1:369 |
76 | Granados Spanish: topographic name from the plural of granado ‘pomegranate tree’ (see Granado 2). | 16,614 | 1:382 |
77 | Salazar Spanish: habitational name from a place called Salazar in Burgos, probably named with sala ‘hall’ + Basque za(h)ar ‘old’, and thus a Basque equivalent of Saavedra. Spanish: Castilianized variant of Basque Zaraitzu, a habitational name from a town so named in Navarre. | 16,574 | 1:383 |
78 | Figueroa Galician: habitational name from any of the places in Galicia named Figueroa, from a derivative of figueira ‘fig tree’. | 16,324 | 1:389 |
79 | Barrera Spanish and Catalan: topographic name for someone who lived near a gate or fence, from Spanish and Catalan barrera ‘barrier’. topographic name for someone who lived by a clay pit, Spanish barrera, barrero (a derivative of barro ‘mud’, ‘clay’). | 16,256 | 1:390 |
80 | Moreno Spanish, Portuguese, and Jewish (Sephardic): nickname for someone with dark hair and a swarthy complexion, from Spanish and Portuguese moreno ‘dark-haired’, a word of uncertain origin, probably from Late Latin maurinus, a derivative of classical Latin Maurus ‘Moor’. Compare Moore 2. | 16,239 | 1:391 |
81 | Alas Catalan (Alàs): habitational name from a place in Catalonia named Alàs. | 15,757 | 1:403 |
82 | Zelaya Basque: variant spelling of Zelaia, a habitational name in Biscay province, Basque Country, from Basque zelai ‘field’, ‘meadow’ + the definite article -a. | 15,704 | 1:404 |
83 | Duran Spanish (Durán) and Catalan: from the personal name Durand (see Durant, Durante). English: variant of Durant. Polish: from a derivative of Dura. Czech: from a derivative of Dura. | 15,651 | 1:405 |
84 | Juarez Spanish (Juárez): regional variant of Suárez (see Suarez). | 15,280 | 1:415 |
85 | Barahona Spanish: habitational name from a place in Soria province. | 14,910 | 1:425 |
86 | Cabrera Catalan and Spanish: habitational name from any of various minor places called Cabrera, from Late Latin capraria ‘place of goats’ (a derivative of Latin capra ‘goat’). | 14,885 | 1:426 |
87 | Chicas Spanish: variant (plural) of Chica. | 14,592 | 1:435 |
88 | Marquez Spanish (Márquez): patronymic from the personal name Marcos. | 14,519 | 1:437 |
89 | Landaverde Spanish: topographic name from landa ‘meadow’ + verde ‘green’. | 14,470 | 1:438 |
90 | Sorto | 14,421 | 1:440 |
91 | Galdamez | 13,782 | 1:460 |
92 | Recinos Hispanic: unexplained. | 13,692 | 1:463 |
93 | Medrano Spanish: habitational name from a place in Soria province. | 13,301 | 1:477 |
94 | Melgar Spanish: topographic name for someone who lived by a field of lucerne, Spanish melgar (a collective derivative of mielga ‘lucerne’, Late Latin melica, for classical Latin Medica (herba) ‘plant’ from Media). There are several places in Spain named with this word, and the surname may be a habitational name from any one of them. Dutch: variant of Melchior. | 13,141 | 1:483 |
95 | Cornejo Spanish: topographic name for someone who lived by a dogwood tree, Spanish cornejo (Latin corniculus), or a habitational name from any of the various minor places named Cornejo, for example in the provinces of Almería, Burgos, and Ciudad Real. | 13,056 | 1:486 |
96 | Carranza Castilianized form of Basque Karrantza, a habitational name from Karrantza in Biscay province, Basque Country. | 12,892 | 1:492 |
97 | Lara Spanish: habitational name from a place named Lara de los Infantes in Burgos province. | 12,789 | 1:496 |
98 | Dominguez Spanish (Domínguez): patronymic from the personal name Domingo. | 12,687 | 1:500 |
99 | Mancia Italian, Spanish, or Portuguese: unexplained. | 12,596 | 1:504 |
100 | Parada Galician, Asturian-Leonese, and Portuguese: habitational name from any of numerous places called Parada, predominantly in Galicia, but also in Asturies, Lleón, and northern Portugal. | 12,460 | 1:509 |
101 | Valle Spanish and Italian: habitational name from any of the many places named with valle ‘valley’, or topographic name for someone who lived in a valley (Latin vallis). Norwegian: habitational name from any of several farmsteads so named, from Old Norse vollr ‘field’, ‘meadow’. | 12,347 | 1:514 |
102 | Aguirre Spanish form of Basque Agirre, a topographic name from Basque ager, agir ‘open space’, ‘pasture’. This is found as the first element of several place names, reflected in surnames such as Aguirrezabal(a) ‘broad open space’; the modern surname may be a shortening of any of these. | 12,275 | 1:517 |
103 | Tobar Spanish: habitational name from any of the places called Tobar, named with a collective noun derived from toba ‘tufa’ (a kind of light, porous volcanic rock). | 12,175 | 1:521 |
104 | Zepeda Spanish: variant spelling of Cepeda. | 11,932 | 1:532 |
105 | Guerra Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian: nickname for a belligerent person or for a soldier, from guerra ‘war’. In some cases the Italian name may represent a short form of various compound personal names containing this element, for example Vinciguèrra. The Iberian name may in some cases reflect a misinterpretation of the Basque base ezquerra, esquerra, from esker ‘left-handed’. Basque: Castilianized form of Basque Gerra, a topographic name for someone who lived in a break or depression in a range of hills, from Basque gerri ‘waist’. | 11,753 | 1:540 |
106 | Villalta Spanish: habitational name from a place in Burgos province named Villalta, from villa ‘(outlying) farmstead’, ‘(dependent) settlement’ + alto ‘high(lying)’. | 11,725 | 1:541 |
107 | Osorio Portuguese (Osório) and Spanish: from a medieval personal name Osorius, of uncertain origin. It is perhaps a metathesized form of Latin Orosius (Greek Orosios, a derivative of oros ‘mountain’), the name borne by a 4th-century Iberian theologian and historian, who was famous in Spain throughout the Middle Ages. | 11,671 | 1:544 |
108 | Guerrero Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian: nickname for an aggressive person or for a soldier, from an agent derivative of guerra ‘war’. Compare Guerra. | 11,535 | 1:550 |
109 | Coreas variant (plural) of Corea. variant (plural) of Correa. | 11,306 | 1:561 |
110 | Melara Italian: unexplained. | 11,246 | 1:564 |
111 | Muñoz | 11,242 | 1:564 |
112 | Valencia Catalan (València) and Spanish: habitational name from any of various places called València or Valencia, principally the major city in eastern Spain, which was formerly the capital of an independent Moorish kingdom of the same name, until it was reconquered in 1239 by James I, king of the Catalan dynasty, and became part of the Crown of Aragon together with the Principality of Catalonia and the Kingdom of Aragon. The city was apparently named from an honorary title derived from Latin valens ‘brave’. | 11,200 | 1:566 |
113 | Valladares Galician: Castilianized spelling of Valadares, a habitational name from various places in Galicia, so named from a derivative of valado ‘boundary wall’, ‘ditch’ (from Latin vallus, vallum ‘fence’, ‘barrier’, ‘bastion’). | 11,155 | 1:569 |
114 | Saravia | 11,037 | 1:575 |
115 | Giron French: variant of Géron (see Geron). Spanish (Girón): from a medieval nickname Girón, from Galician girón (xirón) ‘hem’, ‘remnant’. | 11,011 | 1:576 |
116 | Iraheta Basque: variant of Iraeta, a Basque topographic name with ira ‘fern’ + the collective suffix -eta. | 10,993 | 1:577 |
117 | Ascencio Spanish and Italian: from the personal name (Latin Ascensius), favored by the early Christians, by whom it was bestowed with reference to the ascension of Christ (Late Latin ascensio). | 10,936 | 1:580 |
118 | Delgado Spanish and Portuguese: nickname for a thin person, from Spanish, Portuguese delgado ‘slender’ (Latin delicatus ‘dainty’, ‘exquisite’, a derivative of deliciae ‘delight’, ‘joy’). | 10,856 | 1:584 |
119 | Blanco Spanish: nickname for a man with white or fair hair or a pale complexion, from blanco ‘white’. Italian (Sicily): variant of Bianco, perhaps influenced by French blanc and Spanish (see 1 above). | 10,773 | 1:589 |
120 | Avalos Spanish (Ávalos): habitational name from Ábalos, a place near Haro in Soria province, on the edge of the Basque country. A Basque origin of the place name has been suggested, involving the stem abar- ‘kermes oak’, but this is highly conjectural. | 10,725 | 1:592 |
121 | Franco Spanish and Italian: from a personal name, in origin an ethnic name for a Frank, a member of the Germanic people who inhabited the lands around the river Rhine in Roman times. See also Frank. The personal name was popularized by the cult of San Franco di Assergi. Italian and Spanish: nickname or status name from franco ‘free’ (usually denoting a freed slave). Jewish (Sephardic): adoption of the Spanish surname. | 10,571 | 1:600 |
122 | Villatoro Spanish: habitational name from either of two places, in Ávila and Burgos provinces, named Villatoro, from villa ‘(outlying) farm’, ‘(dependent) settlement’ + toro ‘bull’. | 10,519 | 1:603 |
123 | Funes Basque: habitational name from Funes, a place in Navarre province, Basque Country. | 10,397 | 1:610 |
124 | Umaña | 10,095 | 1:628 |
125 | Estrada Spanish and Catalan: habitational name from any of the numerous places in Spain and Portugal named Estrada, from estrada ‘road’, Latin stata (via) (from sternere ‘to strew or cover’), a term denoting a paved way. | 10,074 | 1:630 |
126 | Canales Spanish: habitational name from any of several places called Canales, from canales, plural of canal ‘canal’, ‘water channel’, from Latin canalis. | 9,971 | 1:636 |
127 | Navarro Spanish, Italian, and Jewish (Sephardic) (of Basque origin): regional name denoting someone from Navarre (see Navarra). | 9,945 | 1:638 |
128 | Soriano Spanish and Jewish (Sephardic): habitational name for an inhabitant of Soria in Castile, from the adjective soriano ‘from Soria’. Southern Italian: habitational name from Soriano Calabro in Vibo Valentia province or Soriano nel Cimino in Viterbo, or of the same derivation as 1. | 9,931 | 1:639 |
129 | Aquino Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian: from a personal name bestowed in honor of the great theologian St. Thomas Aquinas (Tommaso d’Aquino in Italian). Italian: habitational name from a place called Aquino (see D'aquino). | 9,896 | 1:641 |
130 | Leiva Spanish: habitational name a place called Leiva, chiefly the one in La Rioja province and to a lesser extent the one in Murcia. | 9,737 | 1:652 |
131 | Escalante Spanish: habitational name from a place in Santoña in Santander province, whose name derives from escala ‘ladder’ (Latin scala), referring to a terraced slope. | 9,736 | 1:652 |
132 | Magaña | 9,671 | 1:656 |
133 | Chacon Spanish (Chacón): nickname from chacón ‘gecko’. | 9,540 | 1:665 |
134 | Guillen Spanish (Guillén): from the personal name Guillén, Spanish equivalent of William. | 9,539 | 1:665 |
135 | Sosa Spanish: probably a Castilianized or Americanized form of Sousa, or (less likely) from sosa ‘seaweed’. | 9,476 | 1:669 |
136 | Turcios Hispanic: unexplained. This is predominantly a Latin American surname, occurring in Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico. | 9,461 | 1:671 |
137 | Merino Spanish: occupational or status name from Spanish merino, the title of a royal or seigneurial functionary who had wide legal and military jurisdiction over a district. The word is from Late Latin maiorinus, a derivative of maior. Compare Mayer and Mayoral. | 9,458 | 1:671 |
138 | Espinoza South American spelling of Spanish Espinosa; the spelling with -z- represents a voiced pronunciation heard in some Latin-American countries, whereas in Castilian Spanish it now has an unvoiced -s-. | 9,450 | 1:671 |
139 | Cordova Spanish (Córdova): variant of Cordoba. | 9,284 | 1:683 |
140 | Medina Spanish: habitational name from any of the several places, as for example Medina-Sidonia in Cádiz province and Medina del Campo in Valladolid, so called from Arabic medina ‘city’. The surname is also borne by Sephardic Jews. | 9,186 | 1:691 |
141 | Cañas | 9,118 | 1:696 |
142 | Acosta Portuguese and Spanish: altered form (by misdivision) of Da Costa. | 9,084 | 1:698 |
143 | Luna Spanish: habitational name from places called Luna in Zaragoza, Araba, and Lleón provinces. Jewish (Sephardic): from the female personal name Luna (Spanish luna ‘moon’). | 9,038 | 1:702 |
144 | Cuellar Spanish (Cuéllar): habitational name from a place called Cuéllar in Segovia province, or from minor places so named in the provinces of Soria and Salamanca. | 9,022 | 1:703 |
145 | Barrientos This is a Leonese name from Astorga. Found throughout the Peninsula and also Colombia. | 9,021 | 1:703 |
146 | Andrade Galician and Portuguese: habitational name from any of numerous places in Galicia and Portugal named Andrade, perhaps originally villa Andr(e)ati ‘estate of a man named Andreas’. | 9,006 | 1:704 |
147 | Fernandez Spanish (Fernández): patronymic from the personal name Fernando. The surname (and to a lesser extent the variant Hernandez) has also been established in southern Italy, mainly in Naples and Palermo, since the period of Spanish dominance there, and as a result of the expulsion of the Jews from Spain and Portugal at the end of the 15th century, many of whom moved to Italy. | 8,900 | 1:713 |
148 | Aleman ethnic name for a German, alemán. from the old personal name Alemannus, with the same meaning. | 8,893 | 1:713 |
149 | Elias Greek, Spanish (Elías), Catalan, Portuguese, English, Welsh, French (Élias), German, Dutch, Hungarian (Éliás), Czech (Eliáš), and Jewish: from a medieval personal name, the New Testament Greek form of Hebrew Eliyahu ‘Jehovah is God’ (Anglicized as Elijah in the Old Testament of the King James Bible). This name was borne by a Biblical prophet, but its popularity among Christians in the Middle Ages was a result of its adoption by various early saints, including a 7th-century bishop of Syracuse and a 9th-century Spanish martyr. | 8,655 | 1:733 |
150 | Castaneda Spanish and Asturian-Leonese (Castañeda): habitational name from any of various places in Santander, Asturies, and Salamanca, named with castañeda, a collective of castaña ‘chestnut’. | 8,580 | 1:739 |
151 | Huezo Hispanic (common in Mexico and El Salvador): unexplained. | 8,524 | 1:744 |
152 | Monge Portuguese and Spanish: from Portuguese monge, Spanish monje ‘monk’ (a loanword from Old Occitan, from Latin monachus). French: from a short form of Demonge, a pet form of the personal name Dominique (see Domingo). Norwegian: habitational name from a farmstead in Romsdal named Monge. | 8,445 | 1:751 |
153 | Lazo Galician: habitational name from Lazo in A Coruña province. Spanish: nickname from Spanish lazo ‘hair ribbon’, ‘shoe lace’. | 8,329 | 1:762 |
154 | Tejada Spanish: probably a habitational name from a place named Tejada, most likely the one in Burgos province but possibly the one in Huelva province, so named from a derivative of teja ‘(roof) tile’. | 8,253 | 1:769 |
155 | Ponce Spanish and French: from the medieval personal name Ponce, ultimately from Pontius, a Roman family name of uncertain origin, perhaps an ethnic name for someone from Pontus (named with Greek pontos ‘ocean’) in Asia Minor, or an Italic cognate of Latin Quintus ‘fifth’ (i.e. ‘fifth-born’). The name was borne by two 3rd-century saints, a Carthaginian deacon and a martyr of Nice, but was not widely popular in the Middle Ages because of the inhibiting influence of the even more famous Pontius Pilate. In some cases, though, the surname may have been originally used for someone who had played the part of this character in a religious play. | 8,227 | 1:771 |
156 | Rodas Catalan: variant of Rodes 2. Galician and Portuguese: habitational name from any of three places in Galicia (in Lugo, Ourense, and Pontevedra), named Rodas, from the plural of roda ‘wheel’. metonymic occupational name for a wheelwright, from roda ‘wheel’, cognate with 1. | 8,207 | 1:773 |
157 | Caceres Spanish (Cáceres): habitational name from the city of Cáceres in Estremadura, named with the plural of Arabic al-qa?sr ‘the citadel’. | 8,188 | 1:775 |
158 | Menendez Spanish (Menéndez): patronymic from the medieval personal name Mendendo, a hypercorrected form of the Visigothic personal name Hermenegild, composed of the elements ermen, irmen ‘whole’, ‘entire’ + gild ‘tribute’. This personal name was borne by a 6th-century member of the Visigothic royal house, who was converted from Arianism to the Catholic faith and became an enormously popular saint, as a result of which the personal name was very common in Spain in the Middle Ages. | 7,987 | 1:794 |
159 | Carrillo Spanish: nickname for a person with some peculiarity of the cheek or jaw, Spanish carrillo. The word is attested since the 13th century, but its origin is uncertain. It appears to be a diminutive of carro ‘cart’, ‘wagon’, and it has been suggested that the reference is to the movements of the jaw in chewing. The surname may also have denoted originally a bold or shameless person; for the semantic development compare Cheek. | 7,961 | 1:797 |
160 | Abrego Spanish (also Ábrego): from ábrego, which originally meant ‘African’, from Latin africus. The vocabulary word in modern Spanish has lost this general sense and now means only ‘south wind’, literally, ‘African (wind)’. | 7,878 | 1:805 |
161 | Salinas Spanish: habitational name from any of the numerous places named Salinas, from the plural of salina ‘saltworks’ (Latin salinae, a derivative of sal ‘salt’). | 7,877 | 1:805 |
162 | Nolasco Portuguese and Spanish: from the personal name Nolasco, derived from the name of Petrus Nolascus (Saint Peter of Nolasco), who was born in Carcassone in 1189 and died in Barcelona in 1256, where he was co-founder and leader of the order of S. Maria della Mercede ‘Our Lady of Ransom’, known in English as the Mercedarians. | 7,768 | 1:817 |
163 | Quinteros Spanish: plural of Quintero, probably from a place name. | 7,726 | 1:821 |
164 | Trejo Spanish: habitational name from a place Cádiz named Trejo. Asturian-Leonese: Castilianized form of Asturian-Leonese Trexo, a habitational name from a place in Asturies. | 7,721 | 1:822 |
165 | Segovia Spanish: habitational name from the city of this name in central Spain. The place name is of uncertain origin (possibly based on a Celtic element sego ‘victory’). | 7,710 | 1:823 |
166 | Ceron Spanish: probably a metonymic occupational name for a beekeeper, from cerón ‘residue of wax or honeycomb’. | 7,620 | 1:833 |
167 | Nuñez | 7,613 | 1:833 |
168 | Mena Spanish and Jewish (Sephardic): habitational name from Mena, in Castile and León provinces. Greek (Menas): see Minas. | 7,577 | 1:837 |
169 | Acevedo Spanish (Castilian and Galician): topographic name from Old Spanish acebedo, azevedo ‘holly grove’ (from azevo ‘holly’ + -edo ‘plantation’). This name is common in Tenerife. | 7,534 | 1:842 |
170 | Pacheco Spanish and Portuguese: from a personal name of uncertain, possibly pre-Roman, origin. | 7,495 | 1:846 |
171 | Ochoa Spanish (of Basque origin): Castilianized form of the Basque personal name Otxoa, equivalent of Latin lupus ‘wolf’. | 7,364 | 1:861 |
172 | Navarrete Spanish and Aragonese (of Basque origin): habitational name from any of the places in La Rioja, Aragon, and Basque Country named Navarrete, from Basque (spoken in all those areas in pre-Roman times) Nafarrete ‘plateau between two small valleys’, a derivative of naba (see Nava, Navarra). | 7,361 | 1:862 |
173 | Maldonado nickname for an ugly or stupid person, from Spanish mal donado ‘ill-favored’. The phrase is a compound of mal ‘badly’ + donado ‘given’, ‘endowed’, past participle of donare ‘to give’, ‘to bestow’. habitational name from Maldonado, a village in the province of Albacete. | 7,313 | 1:867 |
174 | Solis Spanish and Asturian-Leonese (Solís): habitational name from Solís in Asturies or a similarly named place elsewhere. English: from a medieval personal name bestowed on a child born after the death of a sibling, from Middle English solace ‘comfort’, ‘consolation’. The word also came to have the sense ‘delight’, ‘amusement’, and in some cases the surname may have arisen from a nickname for a playful or entertaining person. | 7,298 | 1:869 |
175 | Vega Spanish: habitational name from any of the numerous places named Vega or La Vega, from vega ‘meadow’ (of pre-Roman origin, probably originally denoting irrigated land). | 7,260 | 1:874 |
176 | Santamaria Santa Maria: meaning "Holy Mary" in Spanish and Italian. Name adopted by converted Jews forced to believe in Christianity, changing their last names to religious names given by the Spanish kingdom.(other)Coming from the Spanish region of Andalusia, El Puerto de Santa María was home to other bearers of the last name. | 7,223 | 1:878 |
177 | Montoya Spanish: unexplained. This is a frequent name in Spain. | 7,222 | 1:878 |
178 | Aviles Asturian-Leonese (Avilés): habitational name from Avilés, a place in Asturies on the coast west of Xixón (Gijón in Spanish). The place name is derived either from a pre-Roman cognomen, Abilus, or from the Latin name Abilius, from the place name formed with (Villa) Abilius + the suffix -ensis. Spanish: possibly also habitational name for someone from Ávila (see Avila). | 7,220 | 1:879 |
179 | Leon Spanish (León): habitational name from León, a city in northwestern Spain, named with Latin legio, genitive legionis ‘legion’, a division of the Roman army. In Roman times the city was the garrison of the 7th Legion, known as the Legio Gemina. The city’s name became reduced from Legion(em) to Leon(em), and in this form developed an unetymological association with the word for ‘lion’, Spanish león. Spanish: from the personal name León, from Greek leon ‘lion’ (see Lyon 2). Leon is also found as a Greek family name. Spanish: nickname for a fierce or brave warrior, from león ‘lion’. French (Léon) and English: variant of Lyon. | 7,202 | 1:881 |
180 | Villalobos Spanish: habitational name from Villalobos in Zamora province, named from villa ‘(outlying) farmstead’, ‘(dependent) settlement’ + lobos, plural of lobo ‘wolf’. | 7,168 | 1:885 |
181 | Aparicio Portuguese and Spanish: from a personal name, bestowed especially on children born on or around the Feast of the Epiphany (6 January), Spanish Aparición, which celebrates the appearance of Christ to the Magi. The Spanish vocabulary word aparición means ‘appearance’ or ‘manifestation’. In Portugal and Spain, however, this is found as a forenames only, not a surname. | 7,159 | 1:886 |
182 | Renderos Spanish: possibly a habitational name from a place named from rendero ‘tenant’, ‘leaseholder’. The surname is not found in present-day Spain, but is recorded in El Salvador. | 7,095 | 1:894 |
183 | Ortega Spanish (from Galician): habitational name from Ortega in A Coruña province. Spanish: nickname from ortega ‘(female) black grouse’ (from Greek ortyx ‘quail’). Southern French (Occitan): topographic name from Occitan ortiga ‘nettle’ (Latin urtica, French ortie). | 7,024 | 1:903 |
184 | Avelar Portuguese: topographic name from avelar ‘hazel grove’, or a habitational name from any of various places named with this word. | 6,978 | 1:909 |
185 | Jovel Catalan: Castilianized form of Catalan Jovell, a metonymic occupational name for a maker of yokes or possibly for a plowman, from a diminutive of Catalan jou ‘yoke’. | 6,906 | 1:919 |
186 | Bolaños | 6,737 | 1:942 |
187 | Zavala Basque: variant of Zabala 1. | 6,725 | 1:943 |
188 | Solorzano Spanish (Solórzano): habitational name from Solórzano in Santander province. | 6,694 | 1:948 |
189 | Vargas Spanish and Portuguese: habitational name from Vargas in Santander province, or a topographic name from vargas, plural of varga, a dialect term used in various senses: ‘(thatched) hut’, ‘steep slope’, or ‘fenced pastureland which becomes waterlogged in winter’. | 6,690 | 1:948 |
190 | Villanueva habitational name from any of the numerous places named Villanueva, from Spanish villa ‘(outlying) farmstead’, ‘(dependent) settlement’ + nueva (feminine) ‘new’ (Latin nova). Castilianized spelling of Catalan and Galician Vilanova, a habitational name from a frequent place name, of the same derivation as 1 above. | 6,665 | 1:952 |
191 | Lainez Spanish (Laínez or Líinez): patronymic from the personal name Laín. | 6,596 | 1:962 |
192 | Rosa Italian and Catalan: from rosa ‘rose’ (Latin rosa), applied in part as a topographic name for someone who lived where wild roses grew, in part as a habitational name for someone who lived at a house distinguished by the sign of a rose, and in part as a nickname for someone with a pink, rosy complexion. Portuguese and Spanish: in most cases a short form of a name such as (de la) Rosa (Spanish) or (da) Rosa (Portuguese), or occasionally from the female personal name Rosa. Polish and Czech: from the vocabulary word rosa ‘dew’, ‘juice’, ‘sap’, applied as a nickname. | 6,569 | 1:966 |
193 | Batres Spanish: habitational name from Batres in Madrid province. There are many bearers of this name in Guatamala and Mexico. | 6,538 | 1:970 |
194 | Rojas Spanish: habitational name from places in Burgos or Lugo (Galicia) named Rojas, from a derivative of rojo ‘red’. | 6,433 | 1:986 |
195 | Gamez Spanish (Gámez): patronymic from Gamo, a personal name of unexplained origin. | 6,424 | 1:988 |
196 | Garay Basque: Castilianized form of Garai, a habitational name from Garai, in Biscay, Basque Country, or from one of the five other, smaller places of the same name, also in Biscay, all named from Basque garai ‘high’, a derivative of gara ‘height’, ‘peak’. Hungarian: habitational name for someone from a place called Gara. | 6,393 | 1:992 |
197 | Vanegas Variant spelling of Spanish Venegas. | 6,392 | 1:992 |
198 | Carcamo Spanish (Cárcamo): from cárcavo ‘cooking pot’ (from Latin carcabus), hence probably a metonymic occupational name for a maker of such pots or for a cook. | 6,359 | 1:998 |
199 | Galvez Spanish (Gálvez): patronymic from the medieval personal name Galve (Arabic Ghalib ‘triumphant’), which was borne by various Moorish chieftains in Spanish history and legend, notably the father-in-law of Al-Mansur, the 10th-century vizier of Córdoba. | 6,306 | 1:1,006 |
200 | Membreo | 6,275 | 1:1,011 |
201 | Sibrian | 6,268 | 1:1,012 |
202 | Peñate | 6,211 | 1:1,021 |
203 | Palma Spanish, Catalan, Galician, Portuguese, and southern Italian: habitational name from any of various places named or named with Palma, from Latin palma ‘palm’. Portuguese: habitational name for someone from Parma in Italy. | 6,174 | 1:1,028 |
204 | Bermudez Spanish (Bermúdez): patronymic from Bermudo, a Germanic (Visigothic) personal name of uncertain etymology. | 6,141 | 1:1,033 |
205 | Abarca formerly most common in the Basque country and in Aragon, this name is generally assumed to be from abarca ‘sandal’ (Basque abarka), which refers to the traditional Basque peasant sandal or moccasin made of uncured leather. In the past this word was also applied to footwear made from wooden materials, and is probably derived from Basque abar ‘branch’, ‘twig’. Some scholars, however, think that abarka is an old topographic term referring to a grove of holm oaks or kermes oaks. habitational name from the village of Abarca in the province of Palencia. | 6,140 | 1:1,033 |
206 | Salmeron Spanish (Salmerón): habitational name from Salmerón in Guadalajara province, possibly also the one in Murcia. | 6,082 | 1:1,043 |
207 | Vides Spanish: from the plural of Spanish vid ‘grapevine’, topographic name for somebody who lived by a vineyard, or occupational name for somebody who worked on it. | 6,053 | 1:1,048 |
208 | del Cid | 6,040 | 1:1,050 |
209 | Rubio Spanish: nickname from rubio ‘red’ (Latin rubeus), probably denoting someone with red hair or a red beard. Catalan (Rubió): habitational name from any of the places named Rubió in Catalonia. | 5,953 | 1:1,066 |
210 | Montano Spanish and Portuguese: nickname or topographic name from the adjective montano ‘from the mountains’. Italian: topographic name from Italian montano ‘mountain’, or a habitational name from a place called Montano, in particular Montano Antilia in Salerno province, or the district of Caianello in Caserta so named. Italian: from the personal name Montano, from Latin montanus ‘mountain dweller’. | 5,952 | 1:1,066 |
211 | Angel English: from Middle English angel ‘angel’ (from Latin angelus), probably applied as a nickname for someone of angelic temperament or appearance or for someone who played the part of an angel in a pageant. As a North American surname it may also be an Americanized form of a cognate European surname, as for example Italian Angelo, Rumanian Anghel, Czech Andel, or Hungarian Angyal. German: ethnic name for a member of a Germanic people on the Jutland peninsula; members of this tribe invaded eastern and northern Britain in the 5th–6th centuries and gave their name to England. See Engel. Slovenian (eastern Slovenia): from the Latin personal name Angelus. | 5,930 | 1:1,070 |
212 | de Paz | 5,921 | 1:1,071 |
213 | Montes Spanish and Portuguese: topographic name, a plural form of Monte. Dutch: patronymic from a short form of a Germanic compound personal name formed with -mund ‘protection’ as the final element. Compare Raymond. | 5,862 | 1:1,082 |
214 | Castellanos Spanish: habitational name from any of numerous places called Castellanos, denoting a ‘place founded or inhabited by Castilians’. Greek (Kastellanos): topographic name from an adjectival derivative of kastello ‘castle’ (from Late Latin castellum, a diminutive of castrum ‘fort’, ‘Roman walled city’). | 5,855 | 1:1,083 |
215 | Perdomo Spanish (Tenerife): apparently a derivative of the local place name La Perdoma, the seat of the town council of La Orotava, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canaries). | 5,840 | 1:1,086 |
216 | Peraza Spanish: unexplained. Perhaps a variant of Pedraza. | 5,816 | 1:1,091 |
217 | Bautista Spanish: from the personal name Bautista, Spanish form of Baptist. | 5,753 | 1:1,103 |
218 | Salguero habitational name from Salguero in Burgos province, or a Castilianized form of the Galician habitational name Salgueiro, from any of numerous places so named from salguero meaning either ‘willow tree’ or ‘place in which animals are given salt’ (from salgar ‘to salt’). possibly from a homonymous archaic term denoting a spot where salt was given to cattle (Late Latin salicarium, a derivative of salicare ‘to give salt to’, from sal ‘salt’). | 5,746 | 1:1,104 |
219 | Ardon Hispanic (mainly El Salvador): habitational name from Ardón in León province, Spain. Dutch: probably from a variant of the personal name Hardewijn, French Ardouin, composed of the Germanic elements hard ‘hardy’, ‘brave’ + win ‘friend’. | 5,737 | 1:1,106 |
220 | Murcia Spanish: habitational name from the city so named. | 5,720 | 1:1,109 |
221 | Mata Portuguese and Spanish: habitational name from any of numerous places in Portugal and Spain named Mata, from mata ‘wood’, ‘forest’. Catalan: topographic name from mata ‘scrub’. Hungarian: from a pet form of the personal name Máté (see Matthew). | 5,701 | 1:1,113 |
222 | Lima Spanish: of uncertain derivation; possibly from lima ‘file’. Portuguese: topographic name for someone living on the banks of the river of this name (of pre-Roman origin, probably akin to a Celtic element lemos, limos ‘elm’). | 5,670 | 1:1,119 |
223 | Maravilla Spanish: nickname from Latin mirabilia ‘extraordinary thing’, ‘marvel’. | 5,661 | 1:1,121 |
224 | Benavides Spanish: patronymic from the common medieval personal name Ben Avid, of Arabic origin, from ibn ?Abd ‘son of the servant (of God)’ see Benavidez. | 5,643 | 1:1,124 |
225 | Quijada Spanish: possibly a nickname for a person with a prominent jaw, from quijada ‘jaw’, ‘jawbone’. | 5,629 | 1:1,127 |
226 | Echeverria Spanish form (Echeverría) of Basque Etxeberria (see Echevarria). | 5,584 | 1:1,136 |
227 | Polanco Spanish: habitational name from Polanco in Santander province. | 5,564 | 1:1,140 |
228 | Galicia | 5,558 | 1:1,141 |
229 | Vigil Castilianized form of Asturian-Leonese Vixil, a habitational name from a place named Vixil in the district of Consejo de Siero, Asturies. | 5,533 | 1:1,147 |
230 | Anaya Basque: from Basque Anaia, from anai ‘brother’ + the definite article (suffixed) -a. In Basque this was used both as a byname and as a personal name. Spanish: habitational name from either of two places called Anaya, in Salamanca and Segovia provinces. The place name is probably of Arabic origin. | 5,506 | 1:1,152 |
231 | Claros Spanish: possibly topographic name from the plural of Spanish claro ‘clearing (in a forest)’, or variant of Claro. | 5,489 | 1:1,156 |
232 | Nieto Spanish: nickname for someone descended from a prominent elder in a community or one whose memory was respected, from Spanish nieto ‘grandson’ (Latin nepos, genitive nep(o)tis, ‘grandson’, ‘nephew’). | 5,467 | 1:1,160 |
233 | Chavarria Spanish (Chavarría): variant of Echevarria. | 5,409 | 1:1,173 |
234 | Bernal Catalan: from the personal name Bernal, a variant of Spanish Bernaldo (see Bernard). | 5,388 | 1:1,177 |
235 | Zuniga Basque (Zuñiga): habitational name from a place in Navarre province named Zuñiga, from Basque zuin ‘cultivated field’ + iga ‘incline’, ‘slope’. | 5,351 | 1:1,186 |
236 | Cisneros Spanish: habitational name from Cisneros, a place in the province of Palencia, named with a derivative of Spanish cisne ‘swan’ (via Old French and Latin from Greek kyknos). | 5,341 | 1:1,188 |
237 | Cartagena Spanish: habitational name from the eastern seaport of Cartagena (earlier Carthago Nova) in Murcia province. | 5,336 | 1:1,189 |
238 | Orantes Spanish (Granada): unexplained. This name is well established in Mexico. | 5,327 | 1:1,191 |
239 | de Leon | 5,314 | 1:1,194 |
240 | Navas Asturian-Leonese and Spanish: plural form of Spanish and Asturian-Leonese Nava (see also Naves). In some cases possibly Catalan (Navàs): variant spelling of Navars, habitational name from a place so called in Barcelona province, from a regional name denoting someone from Navarre (see Navarra) In some cases possibly French: variant (old form) of Naves. | 5,301 | 1:1,197 |
241 | Monterrosa Spanish: variant of Monterroso. This name is mainly found in Mexico and Central America. | 5,293 | 1:1,199 |
242 | Majano Spanish: topographic name from majano ‘pile of stones’, ‘cairn’ (used as a boundary mark), or a habitational name from Majano in Toledo province. | 5,276 | 1:1,202 |
243 | Erazo Variant spelling of Basque Eraso, a habitational name from any of the places in Navarre, Basque Country, so named, from Basque ira, era ‘fern’, ‘bracken’ + the suffix -so indicating abundance. | 5,254 | 1:1,207 |
244 | Baires Hispanic: unexplained. | 5,245 | 1:1,210 |
245 | Grande Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese: nickname for someone of large stature, in either a literal or figurative sense, from grande ‘tall’, ‘large’. German: habitational name from Grande in Holstein or Grand in Bavaria. Norwegian: habitational name from any of several farmsteads so named, from Old Norse grandi ‘sandbank’. | 5,223 | 1:1,215 |
246 | Paz Spanish and Portuguese: from the Marian epithet paz ‘peace’ (Latin pax, genitive pacis): María de la Paz (Spanish), Maria da Paz (Portuguese). The name was often assumed, as an approximate translation of the Hebrew personal name Shelomo, by Jews converted to Christianity. | 5,164 | 1:1,228 |
247 | Cardoza Portuguese: variant of Cardosa. | 5,096 | 1:1,245 |
248 | Berrios Variant of Spanish Barrios. | 5,081 | 1:1,249 |
249 | Deras Galician: probably a habitational name for someone from a place in A Coruña province called Ras, possibly from a plural of Galician ra ‘frog’. | 5,081 | 1:1,249 |
250 | Zaldaña | 5,010 | 1:1,266 |
251 | Avila Spanish (Ávila): habitational name from Ávila in old Castile. Its name, first recorded in the Latin forms Avela and Abulia, is of unknown derivation and meaning. Portuguese and Galician: from Davila, a topographic name for someone from a town or village, da vila, reinterpreted as d’Avila. | 4,962 | 1:1,278 |
252 | Mercado Spanish: from mercado ‘market’, topographic name for someone living by a market or metonymic occupational name for a market trader. | 4,932 | 1:1,286 |
253 | Umanzor Spanish: probably variant of Almanzor, a habitational name for somebody who lived by the area of Almanzor, a remarkable mountain in Sierra de Gredos, in Ávila province. The name Almanzor possibly originates from the personal name of Almanzor (arabic al-Mansur), the fearsome vizier and actual ruler of Muslim Spain from 978 to 1002. The variant Umanzor is mainly found in Chile, El Salvador, and Honduras. | 4,916 | 1:1,290 |
254 | Urrutia Basque: habitational name from either of two places in Biscay province called Urrutia, named with Basque urruti ‘distant’ + the definite article -a. | 4,897 | 1:1,295 |
255 | Ruano Spanish: nickname from Spanish ruano, which denoted someone with reddish hair (compare Ruan), or alternatively a street dweller. | 4,872 | 1:1,302 |
256 | Cubias | 4,831 | 1:1,313 |
257 | Carpio Spanish: habitational name from Carpio in Valladolid province or any of various places in southern Spain named with this word (a regional term meaning ‘hill’), as for example Carpio-Bernardo or El Carpio. Italian (Naples): from the personal name Carpio, a short form of Eucarpio. | 4,819 | 1:1,316 |
258 | Lozano Spanish: nickname for an elegant or haughty person, from lozano ‘splendid’, later ‘good-looking’. | 4,800 | 1:1,322 |
259 | Cardona Catalan: habitational name for someone from a place in Barcelona province named Cardona. Its name dates from the pre-Roman period but the meaning is unknown. | 4,776 | 1:1,328 |
260 | Calles Spanish: probably a habitational name from Calles in Valencia province. | 4,725 | 1:1,343 |
261 | Pereira Portuguese, Galician, and Jewish (Sephardic): topographic name from Portuguese pereira ‘pear tree’, or a habitational name from a place named with this word in Portugal and Galicia. The surname is also common in western India, having been taken there by Portuguese colonists. | 4,653 | 1:1,363 |
262 | Hidalgo Spanish: from hidalgo ‘nobleman’ (attested in this form since the 12th century), a contraction of the phrase hijo de algo ‘son of something’. The expression hijo de (Latin filius ‘son’ + de ‘of’) is used to indicate the abundant possession of a quality, probably influenced by similar Arabic phrases with ibn; algo (Latin aliquid ‘something’) is used in an elliptical manner to refer to riches or importance. As in the case of other surnames denoting high rank, the name does not normally refer to the nobleman himself, but is usually an occupational name for his servant or a nickname for someone who gave himself airs and graces. | 4,652 | 1:1,364 |
263 | Urbina Basque: habitational name from Urbina in Araba province, Basque Country, or a topographic name probably for someone who lived near a confluence, from Basque ur- ‘water’ + bi ‘two’. | 4,632 | 1:1,370 |
264 | Rauda | 4,608 | 1:1,377 |
265 | Crespin French: variant of Crispin. | 4,591 | 1:1,382 |
266 | Robles Spanish: topographic name from the plural of roble ‘oak’, or a habitational name from Los Robles in Lleón, named from the same word. | 4,566 | 1:1,389 |
267 | Centeno Spanish: from centeno ‘rye’ (Late Latin centenum, a derivative of centum ‘hundred’, so called as the plant was supposed to be capable of producing a hundred grains on each stalk). The a surname may have arisen as a metonymic occupational name for someone who grew or sold rye, or a topographic name for someone who lived by a field given over to the cultivation of this crop. | 4,544 | 1:1,396 |
268 | Padilla Spanish: habitational name from any of the various minor places, for example in the provinces of Burgos, Guadalajara, and Valladolid, named from Spanish padilla ‘frying pan’, ‘breadpan’ (Latin patella, a diminutive of patina ‘shallow dish’), a word which was commonly used in the topographical sense of a gentle depression. | 4,528 | 1:1,401 |
269 | Alarcon Spanish (Alarcón): habitational name, most probably from Alarcón in Cuenca province. | 4,510 | 1:1,407 |
270 | Roque Spanish: habitational name from one of the places in A Coruña or Gran Canaria called Roque or from El Roque in Tenerife. Catalan (Roqué): from a variant of Roquer, habitational name from any of the places in Catalonia named Roquer or El Roquer, from a derivative of Catalan roca ‘rock’. Possibly an altered spelling of French Rocque, a Picard and southern form of Roche. | 4,487 | 1:1,414 |
271 | Segura Spanish and Catalan: habitational name from any of various places called Segura, named with segura ‘safe’, ‘secure’. | 4,449 | 1:1,426 |
272 | Machado Spanish and Portuguese: from Spanish and Portuguese machado ‘hatchet’ (a derivative of Macho 2), probably a nickname, but possibly also a habitational name, as this word is also a common element of place names. | 4,426 | 1:1,433 |
273 | Paredes Spanish, Galician and Portuguese: topographic name for someone who lived in a lean-to built against the wall of a larger building, from Spanish pared, Portuguese and Galician parede ‘(house) wall’. Servants often lived in buildings of this sort outside manor houses, and masons constructed huts of this kind on the site of their labors, making temporary use of the walls of the new building. There are also numerous places named with this word, and the surname may also be a habitational name from any of these. | 4,415 | 1:1,437 |
274 | Pleitez | 4,415 | 1:1,437 |
275 | Quijano Spanish: habitational name from Quijano in Cantabria province. | 4,377 | 1:1,449 |
276 | Oliva Catalan, Spanish, and Portuguese: habitational name from Oliva in Valencia, Santa Oliva in Girona, or possibly from any of the places in Extremadura named La Oliva, from Latin oliva ‘olive’. Italian (mainly southern and Ligurian): from Latin oliva ‘olive’; a topographic name for someone who lived by an olive tree or grove, or a metonymic occupational name for a gatherer or seller of olives or an extractor or seller of olive oil, or perhaps in some cases a nickname for someone with a sallow complexion. German: habitational name from Oliva, a place now in Gdansk voivodeship, Poland. | 4,283 | 1:1,481 |
277 | Aragon Spanish (Aragón) and French: regional name from Aragon, an independent kingdom from 1035 to 1479, which took its name from the river Aragón that arises in its northwestern corner. The river name is of obscure origin; it may be related to Basque (h)ara(n) ‘valley’. In Basque, Aragon is called Aragoa or Aragoi, which may mean ‘high valley’. See also Dragon, Deragon. | 4,272 | 1:1,485 |
278 | Zamora Spanish: habitational name from the city of Zamora in northwestern Spain, capital of the province which bears its name. | 4,267 | 1:1,487 |
279 | Velasco from the personal name Velasco, Belasco, formed with Basque bel- ‘raven’ + the diminutive suffix -sco. in some cases possibly a habitational name from any of various places in Logroño, Soria, and Seville provinces named Velasco. | 4,226 | 1:1,501 |
280 | Callejas Spanish: variant (plural) of Calleja. | 4,209 | 1:1,507 |
281 | Urias Spanish (Urías): from the Biblical name meaning ‘God is light’ (English Uriah). | 4,201 | 1:1,510 |
282 | Carballo Spanish and Galician: from carballo ‘oak’, hence a topographic name for someone who lived by a conspicuous oak tree or in an oak wood, or a habitational name from any of several villages so named in Galicia. Castilianized form of Asturian-Leonese Carbachu, a habitational name from and old form of Asturian-Leonese carbayu ‘oak’, of pre-Latin origin. | 4,156 | 1:1,526 |
283 | Marin Spanish (Marín), French, English, Slovenian, Croatian, and Romanian: from the Latin personal name Marinus, borne by several minor early saints. Originally this was a Roman family name derived from Marius (compare Marie), but was often taken to mean ‘of the sea’. Italian (Venetia): variant of Marino. Serbian, Croatian, and Slovenian: from the personal name Marija or its short form Mara (see Maria). Galician and Spanish: habitational name from a place called Marín, in particular the one in Pontevedra, Galicia. French: occupational name for a sailor, Old French marin (Late Latin marinus, a derivative of mare ‘sea’). Asturian-Leonese (Marín): occupational name for a sailor in Asturies. | 4,125 | 1:1,538 |
284 | Munguia Spanish (of Basque origin; Munguía): Castilianized form of the Basque habitational name Mungia, from a place in Biscay province. | 4,123 | 1:1,539 |
285 | Colocho | 4,079 | 1:1,555 |
286 | Urquilla | 4,040 | 1:1,570 |
287 | Araujo Portuguese (and Galician): habitational name from any of various places called Araújo: in Portugal, in Coimbra, Elvas, Estremoz, Lisbon, Moncorvo, Monsão, Serpa, Setúbal, and Villa Verde; also in Ourense, Galicia. | 4,023 | 1:1,577 |
288 | Carias Portuguese and Spanish (Carías): unexplained; probably a topographic name from the plural of a shortened form of Portuguese alcaria (Spanish alquería) ‘little village’ or ‘shed’ or denoting a kind of violet, of Arabic origin. | 3,989 | 1:1,590 |
289 | Castellon Spanish (Castellón): Castilianized form of Catalan Castelló, a habitational name from any of the places so named. This Castilianized form is notably applied to Castelló de la Plana, a town in Valencia, where the Castilianization process of Catalan is remarkable (see Castelló). | 3,966 | 1:1,600 |
290 | Posada Spanish: habitational name from any of the numerous places named Posada, from posada ‘halt’, ‘resting place’. | 3,964 | 1:1,600 |
291 | Mazariego | 3,956 | 1:1,604 |
292 | Ordoñez | 3,956 | 1:1,604 |
293 | Yanes Spanish: variant of Yáñez (see Yanez). | 3,927 | 1:1,615 |
294 | Trujillo Spanish: habitational name from the city so named in Cáceres province, called in Latin Turgalium, which is probably of Arabic origin. This place was the home of various conquistadors, hence its great frequency in the Americas. | 3,907 | 1:1,624 |
295 | Cerna Spanish and Galician: nickname for a tough, hard-headed individual, from cerna ‘heartwood’. Hungarian (Cérna): from the cérna ‘thread’, hence an metonymic occupational name for a tailor. Czech and Slovak (Cerna): nickname from the feminine form of Czech cerný , Slovak cierny ‘black’, ‘dark’. | 3,895 | 1:1,629 |
296 | Coto Spanish and Galician: habitational name from any of various places named Coto, for example in Ciudad Real and Pontevedra provinces. | 3,894 | 1:1,629 |
297 | Lovo | 3,891 | 1:1,630 |
298 | Soto habitational name from any of numerous places named Soto or El Soto, from soto ‘grove’, ‘small wood’ (Latin saltus). Castilianized spelling of Asturian-Leonese Sotu, a habitational name from a town so named in Asturies. Castilianized spelling of the Galician equivalent, Souto. | 3,879 | 1:1,635 |
299 | Escamilla Spanish: habitational name from Escamilla, a place in Guadalajara province. | 3,834 | 1:1,655 |
300 | Valdez Spanish: variant spelling of Valdés (see Valdes). | 3,815 | 1:1,663 |
301 | Rios Galician and Spanish (Ríos): habitational name from any of the places called Ríos, predominantly in Galicia. Spanish (Ríós): habitational name from Ríós in Ourense, Galicia. | 3,797 | 1:1,671 |
302 | Quezada Spanish: probably a variant of Quesada. | 3,793 | 1:1,673 |
303 | Duarte Portuguese: from the personal name Duarte, Portuguese equivalent of Edward. | 3,759 | 1:1,688 |
304 | Chinchilla Spanish: habitational name from Chinchilla de Monte Aragón in Albacete province. | 3,739 | 1:1,697 |
305 | de La Cruz | 3,737 | 1:1,698 |
306 | Barillas | 3,733 | 1:1,699 |
307 | Alberto Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian: from the personal name Alberto, Spanish and Italian equivalent of Albert. | 3,730 | 1:1,701 |
308 | Silva Portuguese, Galician, and Jewish (Sephardic): habitational name from any of the many places called Silva, or a topographic name from silva ‘thicket’, ‘bramble’. | 3,719 | 1:1,706 |
309 | Solano Spanish, Aragonese, Asturian-Leonese: habitational name from any of the places named Solano (Burgos and Málaga provinces) or El Solano (Asturies, and Uesca, Aragon), named with solano ‘place exposed to the sun’ (Late Latin solanum, a derivative of sol ‘sun’). Spanish and Portuguese: from a personal name adopted in honor of Francisco Solano, a 17th-century missionary to South America. Italian: possibly also from the personal name adopted in honor of Francisco Solano. | 3,705 | 1:1,712 |
310 | Artiga Spanish and Catalan: topographic name from artiga ‘clearing’. | 3,698 | 1:1,715 |
311 | Asencio Spanish: from a personal name, from Latin Ascensius ‘ascension’ (see Ascencio). | 3,675 | 1:1,726 |
312 | Caballero Spanish: occupational name from caballero ‘knight’, ‘soldier’, ‘horseman’ (from Late Latin caballarius ‘mounted soldier’). | 3,672 | 1:1,728 |
313 | Chevez Variant (Chévez) of Chavez. | 3,669 | 1:1,729 |
314 | Panameo | 3,653 | 1:1,737 |
315 | Esquivel Spanish: variant of Esquibel. | 3,631 | 1:1,747 |
316 | Zetino | 3,626 | 1:1,750 |
317 | Joya Catalan: possibly a variant of Hoyos. | 3,616 | 1:1,754 |
318 | Aldana Basque: habitational name from a town called Aldana in Biscay province, Basque Country, or topographic name from Basque alde ‘side’, ‘slope’. The ending -ana is common in Basque place names; its meaning is vague: apparently no more than ‘place’. | 3,583 | 1:1,771 |
319 | Flamenco | 3,571 | 1:1,777 |
320 | Murillo Spanish: habitational name from any of several places called Murillo, notably in Navarre, Logroño, and Zaragoza provinces, so named from a diminutive of muro ‘wall’. | 3,567 | 1:1,778 |
321 | Najarro Spanish: habitational name from Najarro in Cáceres province. | 3,555 | 1:1,784 |
322 | Monterroza | 3,524 | 1:1,800 |
323 | Ulloa Galician: habitational name from either of two places in Galicia named Ulloa (in A Coruña and Lugo provinces). | 3,494 | 1:1,816 |
324 | Villegas Spanish: habitational name from Villegas, a place in Burgos province. | 3,488 | 1:1,819 |
325 | Burgos Spanish: habitational name from Burgos, the capital of old Castile. | 3,461 | 1:1,833 |
326 | Galan | 3,435 | 1:1,847 |
327 | Larin Spanish (Santander): unexplained. | 3,381 | 1:1,876 |
328 | Salgado Galician and Portuguese: nickname for a witty person, from salgado ‘salty’, figuratively ‘witty’, ‘piquant’ (from Late Latin salicatus, past participle of salicare ‘to give salt to’). | 3,380 | 1:1,877 |
329 | Siguenza Spanish (Sigüenza): habitational name from Sigüenza in Castile. | 3,338 | 1:1,901 |
330 | Gil Spanish, Catalan, Portuguese, Dutch, and German: from the personal name Gil, from French Gille(s), from Latin Aegidius (see Giles). German: from Slavic gil ‘bullfinch’, probably a nickname for a simpleton. | 3,307 | 1:1,918 |
331 | Arana Basque: topographic name from aran ‘valley’ + the Basque definite article -a. The name in the U.S. may have absorbed some instances of Araña, from Spanish araña ‘spider’, a nickname for a weaver or for an industrious or opportunistic person. | 3,294 | 1:1,926 |
332 | Arteaga Basque: habitational name from any of several places in the province of Biscay named with arte ‘holm oak’ + the locative suffix -aga ‘place or group of’. | 3,281 | 1:1,934 |
333 | Carbajal Spanish: habitational name from any of numerous places called Carabajal, from a collective noun derived from carbajo ‘oak tree’. | 3,280 | 1:1,934 |
334 | Gaitan This family had, for a very long time, houses in the town of Espinosa de los Monteros; in the province of Burgos, as well as in Salamanca, Talavera de la Reina (Toledo) and Jerez de la Frontera (Cadiz). | 3,261 | 1:1,945 |
335 | Nerio Hispanic (mainly Mexico, EL Salvador, and Peru): unexplained. | 3,252 | 1:1,951 |
336 | Lizama Basque: variant spelling of Lezama. | 3,229 | 1:1,965 |
337 | Godoy Galician: habitational name from Godoy, a place in Galicia. The origin of the place name is uncertain, but a connection has been suggested with the Gothic elements gu{dh}s ‘god’ + wihs ‘saint’. | 3,219 | 1:1,971 |
338 | Dueñas | 3,211 | 1:1,976 |
339 | Interiano Spanish or Portuguese: unexplained. | 3,211 | 1:1,976 |
340 | Arce Spanish: habitational name from places in the provinces of Santander and Navarra called Arce. Their name is a Castilianized spelling of Basque artze ‘stony place’ (from arri ‘stone’ + the suffix of abundance -tz(e)). | 3,167 | 1:2,003 |
341 | Platero Spanish: occupational name for a silversmith, platero. | 3,141 | 1:2,020 |
342 | Iglesias Spanish: habitational name from a place called Iglesias (from the plural of iglesia ‘church’), in particular the one in Burgos province. | 3,117 | 1:2,035 |
343 | de La O | 3,105 | 1:2,043 |
344 | Moreira Portuguese and Galician: habitational name from any of the numerous places in Portugal and Galicia called Moreira, from moreira ‘mulberry tree’. | 3,065 | 1:2,070 |
345 | Corado Portuguese and Galician: Portuguese or Galician equivalent of Spanish Colorado. | 3,009 | 1:2,108 |
346 | Madrid Spanish: habitational name from what is now Spain’s principal city. Throughout the Middle Ages it was of only modest size and importance, and did not become the capital of Spain until 1561. Its name is of uncertain origin, most probably a derivative of Late Latin matrix, genitive matricis ‘riverbed’, much changed by Arabic mediation. Compare Madrigal. There are other, smaller places of the same name in the provinces of Burgos and Santander, and these may also be sources of the surname. | 3,009 | 1:2,108 |
347 | Fabian English, French, German, Italian (Venetian), Polish, Czech and Slovak (Fabián), and Hungarian (Fábián): from a personal name, Latin Fabianus, a derivative of the Roman family name Fabius. The personal name achieved considerable popularity in Europe in the Middle Ages, having been borne by a 3rd-century pope and saint. Americanized or Italianized spelling of Slovenian Fabjan or Fabijan (see 1). Jewish: adoption of the non-Jewish surname under the influence of the Yiddish personal name Fayvish. | 2,999 | 1:2,115 |
348 | Ortez Spanish: variant of Ortiz or of Catalan Ortes, plural form of Orta. | 2,965 | 1:2,140 |
349 | Mira Galician and Portuguese: probably a habitational name from any of the places in Galicia and Portugal named Mira. Catalan: of uncertain origin; possibly from the Arabic personal name Amira, or a derivative of Mir. Italian: apparently from the personal name Mira, feminine form of Miro, from Late Latin Mirus and Mira, respectively, from Latin mirus ‘wonderful’, ‘marvellous’. Czech and Polish: from a pet form of any of various personal names formed with the element mir ‘peace’, ‘quiet’, ‘esteem’ (see Mir). | 2,958 | 1:2,145 |
350 | Villeda Spanish: unexplained. This name is commonly found in Mexico. | 2,946 | 1:2,153 |
351 | Paniagua Spanish and Portuguese (Paniágua): status name for a servant who worked for his board (pan ‘bread’ and agua ‘water’) and lodging. | 2,944 | 1:2,155 |
352 | Jacobo Spanish and Italian: from the Latin personal name Jacobus (see James, Giacomo). | 2,941 | 1:2,157 |
353 | Hercules English and Scottish: from a personal name of Greek origin, which was in use in Cornwall and elsewhere till the 19th century. Hercules is the Latin form of Greek Herakles, meaning ‘glory of Hera’ (the queen of the gods). It was the name of a demigod in classical mythology, who was the son of Zeus, king of the gods, by a human woman. His outstanding quality was his superhuman strength. Scottish (Shetland): from a personal name adopted as an Americanized form of Old Norse Hákon (see Haagensen). | 2,933 | 1:2,163 |
354 | Arriola Basque: habitational name from any of the places named Arriola, from Basque arri ‘stone(s)’ + -ola ‘place of’, for example in the provinces of Gipuzkoa and Araba. | 2,929 | 1:2,166 |
355 | Aguillon French and Southern French (Occitan): perhaps a nickname for an irritating person, from Old French aguillon or Occitan aguilhon ‘sharp point’, ‘thorn’, ‘goad’ (modern French aiguillon). | 2,916 | 1:2,176 |
356 | Paiz Spanish (Páiz): variant of Portuguese and Galician Pais. | 2,914 | 1:2,177 |
357 | Lue Perhaps an altered form of the Dutch and North German name Loo, which is also established in northern France. | 2,890 | 1:2,195 |
358 | Anzora | 2,888 | 1:2,197 |
359 | Zelada | 2,882 | 1:2,201 |
360 | Zavaleta Basque: habitational name from any of places in the Basque provinces named Zabaleta, from Basque zabal ‘big’, ‘wide’, ‘long’ + the collective suffix -eta. | 2,875 | 1:2,207 |
361 | Serpas | 2,872 | 1:2,209 |
362 | Raymundo Spanish and Portuguese: from the personal name Raymundo (see Raymond). | 2,813 | 1:2,255 |
363 | Perla Spanish: from perla ‘pearl’, possibly applied as a metonymic occupational name for a trader in pearls, which in the Middle Ages were fashionable among the rich for the ornamentation of clothes. Italian: generally, from the female personal name Perla, meaning ‘pearl’(from Late Latin Pern(u)la (‘little pearl’), whence Italian perla ‘pearl’), but in some cases possibly a metonymic occupational name (see 1 above). | 2,786 | 1:2,277 |
364 | Pinto Spanish and Jewish (Sephardic): nickname from pinto ‘colorful’, ‘painted’. Spanish: habitational name from Pinto in Madrid. Catalan (Pintó): Catalan variant of Pintor ‘painter’. Portuguese: from a nickname from pinto ‘chick’. This name is also common in western India, where it was taken by Portuguese colonists. Italian: from pinto ‘mottled’, ‘dotted’ (Late Latin pinctus, for classical Latin pictus ‘painted’), hence a nickname for a person with a blotchy or pock-marked complexion or pepper-and-salt hair, or in some parts of the south at least from the same word in the sense ‘lively or restless person’. | 2,786 | 1:2,277 |
365 | Borja | 2,755 | 1:2,303 |
366 | Cerritos | 2,731 | 1:2,323 |
367 | Larios Spanish: habitational name from Larios in the province of Cádiz or Larios y San Gil in Cáceres province. | 2,721 | 1:2,331 |
368 | Olmedo Spanish: habitational name from any of the places named Olmedo in Burgos and Valladolid provinces, from olmedo ‘stand of elm trees’. | 2,721 | 1:2,331 |
369 | Trigueros habitational name from places in Huelva and Valladolid named Trigueros, from a derivative of trigo ‘wheat’, or possibly triguero ‘corn merchant’. nickname from triguero ‘dark blond’, ‘corn colored’. | 2,704 | 1:2,346 |
370 | Olivares Spanish: habitational name from any of several places named Olivares, from the plural of Spanish olivar ‘olive grove’. Compare Oliveira. The Spanish surname spread into Italy, becoming widespread in Milan and the Naples region. | 2,694 | 1:2,355 |
371 | Dubon French: patronymic from the epithet Le Bon ‘the good’ (see Bon). | 2,677 | 1:2,370 |
372 | Monroy Spanish: habitational name from Monroy (‘red mountain’), a place in Cáceres province. | 2,628 | 1:2,414 |
373 | Osegueda Spanish: variant of the habitational name Oseguera. | 2,595 | 1:2,445 |
374 | Sermeño | 2,571 | 1:2,467 |
375 | Najera Spanish (Nájera): habitational name from Najera, a city in Logroño province. | 2,570 | 1:2,468 |
376 | Villacorta Asturian-Leonese and Spanish: habitational name from a place in Lléon province named Villacorta, from villa ‘(outlying) farmstead’, ‘(dependent) settlement’ + corta ‘short’. | 2,568 | 1:2,470 |
377 | Jurado Spanish and Portuguese: occupational name for any of various officials who had to take an oath that they would perform their duty properly, from jurado ‘sworn’, past participle of jurar ‘to swear’ (Latin iurare). | 2,552 | 1:2,486 |
378 | Cedillos Apparently a plural form of Spanish Cedillo, also written Sedillos. | 2,546 | 1:2,492 |
379 | Corvera | 2,541 | 1:2,497 |
380 | Merlos Spanish and Portuguese: from the personal name Merlos (see Merlo). | 2,531 | 1:2,506 |
381 | Canizalez | 2,524 | 1:2,513 |
382 | Meza possibly Basque: unexplained. | 2,514 | 1:2,523 |
383 | Brizuela | 2,496 | 1:2,542 |
384 | Velis Variant of Spanish Véliz (see Veliz). Greek: from Turkish veli ‘guardian’, a term used to denote various administrative officials in the Ottoman Empire. | 2,496 | 1:2,542 |
385 | Salvador Spanish, Catalan, and Portuguese: from the popular Christian personal name Salvador, meaning ‘Savior’ (Latin Salvator, a derivative of salvare ‘to save’), bestowed in honor of Christ. In some cases, possibly a Spanish, Asturian-Leonese, or Galician habitational name from any of the places called Salvador, in Valladolid, Lugo, and Asturies. | 2,468 | 1:2,570 |
386 | Martir Spanish or Portuguese: from mártir ‘martyr’, probably a nickname for someone devoted to the religious cult of a martyr, or perhaps one who had played the part of a martyr in a religious play. Compare Italian Martire. | 2,466 | 1:2,573 |
387 | Alegria Spanish (Alegría) and Portuguese: nickname from Spanish alegría or Portuguese alegria ‘joy’, ‘happiness’. Castilianized form of Basque Alegia, a habitational name from any of the towns named Alegia in the Basque Country. | 2,452 | 1:2,587 |
388 | Regalado Portuguese, Spanish, and Galician: nickname from regalado ‘gifted’, ‘pleasant’, ‘capable’. | 2,445 | 1:2,595 |
389 | Preza | 2,403 | 1:2,640 |
390 | Pocasangre | 2,400 | 1:2,643 |
391 | Belloso | 2,394 | 1:2,650 |
392 | Valiente Spanish: from a nickname based on valiente ‘brave’. | 2,387 | 1:2,658 |
393 | Chica Spanish: apparently from chica, feminine form of chico ‘small’, ‘young’ (see Chico), but a variant of the habitational name Checa, from a place so named in Jaén province is also a possibility. | 2,305 | 1:2,752 |
394 | Climaco | 2,296 | 1:2,763 |
395 | Cea Spanish, Galician, and Portuguese: habitational name from any of the places called Cea, in León, in Ourense and A Coruña, Galicia, and in Portugal. | 2,284 | 1:2,778 |
396 | Mojica Spanish (of Basque origin): variant of Mújica (see Mujica). | 2,282 | 1:2,780 |
397 | Salamanca Spanish: habitational name from the city of Salamanca in western Spain, which is of pre-Roman foundation and obscure etymology. During the Middle Ages it was one of the leading cultural centers of Europe, and the surname may in some cases have been been a respectful nickname for someone who had visited the city. | 2,253 | 1:2,816 |
398 | Arriaza Basque: topographic name for someone who lived on a stony area of land, from Basque arri ‘crag’, ‘rock’, ‘stone’ + the locative suffix -a(t)z ‘abundance of’. | 2,252 | 1:2,817 |
399 | Cordero Spanish: from cordero ‘young lamb’ (Latin cordarius, a derivative of cordus ‘young’, ‘new’), hence a metonymic occupational name for a shepherd, or alternatively a nickname meaning ‘lamb’. | 2,244 | 1:2,827 |
400 | Godinez Spanish (Godínez): patronymic from the personal name Godino. | 2,209 | 1:2,872 |
401 | Cabezas Spanish: topographic name for someone living on or by a cluster of hillocks, from the plural of cabeza ‘head’, ‘hillock’ (see Cabeza). | 2,180 | 1:2,910 |
402 | Viera Galician and Spanish: possibly a variant spelling of Vieira. In Spain the surname is found mainly in the island of Tenerife. | 2,161 | 1:2,936 |
403 | Servellon | 2,128 | 1:2,981 |
404 | Morataya Spanish: variant of Moratalla, habitational name from a village in Murcia province. | 2,119 | 1:2,994 |
405 | Machuca Spanish and Portuguese: from machucar, machacar ‘to squash’, ‘to crush’, probably applied as a nickname for someone who was obstinate. | 2,106 | 1:3,012 |
406 | Baos | 2,098 | 1:3,024 |
407 | Moz | 2,095 | 1:3,028 |
408 | Ferman Altered spelling of German and Swiss Fehrmann. | 2,079 | 1:3,051 |
409 | Varela Galician: habitational name from any of the places in Galicia named Varela, from a diminutive of vara ‘rod’, ‘stick’. Greek (Varelas): from Greek varela ‘barrel’, from Italian barella ‘barrel’. Accented on the final syllable, varelás is a metonymic occupational name for a cooper; with the accent on the middle syllable, varélas is a nickname for a large fat man. | 2,054 | 1:3,089 |
410 | Guadron | 2,053 | 1:3,090 |
411 | Manzano Spanish: habitational name from any of various minor places named Manzano, or a topographic name for someone who lived by an apple tree or orchard, from Spanish manzano ‘apple tree’, Old Spanish maçano, from maçana ‘apple’, Late Latin (mala) Mattiana, a type of apple named in honor of the 1st century bc horticultural writer Gaius Matius. | 2,019 | 1:3,142 |
412 | Dimas Spanish and Portuguese: from a personal name Dimas, supposedly that of the repentant robber crucified alongside Christ, although no name is recorded in the Biblical account. | 2,014 | 1:3,150 |
413 | Sanabria Spanish: habitational name from Puebla de Sanabria in Zamora province. | 2,001 | 1:3,170 |
414 | Constanza | 1,993 | 1:3,183 |
415 | Aguilera Spanish: habitational name from a place in Soria province, named Aguilera from aguilera ‘eagle’s nest’ (from Latin aquilaria ‘place of eagles’). | 1,990 | 1:3,188 |
416 | Hurtado Spanish: nickname from the past participle of hurtar ‘to rob or conceal’ (Late Latin furtare, from furtum ‘theft’, fur ‘thief’). The reference was probably to an illegitimate child, whose existence was concealed, or to a kidnapped child. | 1,982 | 1:3,201 |
417 | Samayoa Basque: Latin American variant of Zamalloa, Zamayoa, a topographic name for someone who lived by a gorge or pass, from Basque sama, zama ‘defile’, ‘pass’, ‘narrow ravine’ + the locative suffix -ola. | 1,975 | 1:3,212 |
418 | Ticas | 1,936 | 1:3,277 |
419 | Lovato Northern Italian: from the Late Latin personal name Lupatus, derivative of Latin lupus ‘wolf’. This is one of several medieval personal names which became popular under the influence of Germanic compound personal names formed with wolf-. Spanish: variant of Lobato. | 1,920 | 1:3,304 |
420 | Navidad | 1,911 | 1:3,320 |
421 | Gonzales Variant of Spanish González (see Gonzalez). | 1,905 | 1:3,330 |
422 | Retana Spanish: Castilianized variant of Basque Erretana, a habitational name from Erretana in Araba, Basque Country. | 1,903 | 1:3,334 |
423 | Maradiaga Spanish (chiefly Central America): unexplained. | 1,899 | 1:3,341 |
424 | Sigaran | 1,894 | 1:3,349 |
425 | Canjura | 1,887 | 1:3,362 |
426 | Fajardo Galician: topographic name for someone who lived by a beech tree or in a beech wood, from Late Latin fagea (arbor) ‘beech (tree)’, a derivative of classical Latin fagus ‘beech’. | 1,863 | 1:3,405 |
427 | Ceren | 1,857 | 1:3,416 |
428 | Guandique | 1,849 | 1:3,431 |
429 | Gavidia | 1,819 | 1:3,488 |
430 | Jorge Spanish and Portuguese: from the personal name Jorge, a borrowing of French (and English) George. | 1,784 | 1:3,556 |
431 | Barraza | 1,782 | 1:3,560 |
432 | Rogel Spanish: from the personal name Rogel, Spanish form of French Roger. German: of uncertain origin; perhaps a nickname for a mischievous person, from Middle High German rogel ‘loose’. Slovenian: nickname or topographic name from rogelj ‘horn’, ‘point’, as a topographic name probably denoting someone who lived on a horn-shaped spur or ridge of a hill or on a pointed piece of land. | 1,782 | 1:3,560 |
433 | Argumedo | 1,766 | 1:3,592 |
434 | Gochez | 1,761 | 1:3,602 |
435 | Pimentel Portuguese: from an irregular derivative, of uncertain significance, of Pimenta. | 1,752 | 1:3,621 |
436 | Trinidad from the religious personal name Trinidad ‘Trinity’, often bestowed on someone born on the feast of the Holy Trinity. habitational name for someone from any of the many places named La Trinidad. | 1,752 | 1:3,621 |
437 | Manzanares Spanish: habitational name from the city of Manzanares in Ciudad Real province. | 1,748 | 1:3,629 |
438 | Espinal Spanish: from any of numerous fields named Espinal or Espinar, from a collective of espina ‘thorn’. | 1,743 | 1:3,640 |
439 | Tepas | 1,741 | 1:3,644 |
440 | Sigenza | 1,737 | 1:3,652 |
441 | Saenz Spanish (Sáenz): patronymic from an unidentified personal name. | 1,736 | 1:3,654 |
442 | Valenzuela Spanish: habitational name from places named Valenzuela in Córdoba and Ciudad Real. The place name is a diminutive of Valencia, literally ‘Little Valencia’. | 1,736 | 1:3,654 |
443 | Colindres Spanish: habitational name from Colindres in Santander province. | 1,718 | 1:3,693 |
444 | Saldaña | 1,703 | 1:3,725 |
445 | Cano nickname for an old man or someone with prematurely white hair, from cano ‘white or gray haired’, ‘old’, ‘worthy’ (Latin canus). habitational name from a place in Spain called Caño or Cano in Portugal, both named with a derivative of Latin canna ‘reed’. | 1,699 | 1:3,734 |
446 | Gallardo Gallardo is a word originally used after a name to distinguish between others of the same name which eventually developed into a surname. It means "elegant, graceful."Refers to someone who is full of life and valiant and probably comes from the latin "galleus" which has a similar meaning. | 1,699 | 1:3,734 |
447 | Vaquerano | 1,681 | 1:3,774 |
448 | Vivas Catalan: Castilianized form of Vives. | 1,678 | 1:3,781 |
449 | Zometa | 1,669 | 1:3,801 |
450 | Rafael Spanish, Catalan, Portuguese, and Galician: from the personal name Rafael (see Raphael). Jewish: variant spelling of Raphael. | 1,664 | 1:3,812 |
451 | Cañenguez | 1,658 | 1:3,826 |
452 | Choto | 1,656 | 1:3,831 |
453 | Andres From the personal name Andres, a vernacular form of Andreas in various European languages, including Spanish Andrés, French (Breton) Andrès, German Andres, Czech Andrejs, etc. | 1,647 | 1:3,852 |
454 | Lovos | 1,642 | 1:3,864 |
455 | Bran Scottish: nickname from Gaelic bran ‘raven’. Galician: habitational name from either of two places in Lugo province called Bran. This is a common name in Mexico. | 1,635 | 1:3,880 |
456 | Gallegos Spanish: habitational name from any of the numerous places named Gallegos, originally denoting a place settled by ‘people from Galicia’. | 1,626 | 1:3,902 |
457 | Galeas | 1,610 | 1:3,940 |
458 | Jaco Perhaps Spanish and Portuguese (Jacó) or southern Italian (Jacò): from the personal name (see Jacob). Possibly a respelling of French Jacot. | 1,595 | 1:3,977 |
459 | Lobos Spanish and Portuguese: from lobo ‘wolf’, plural lobos. This is a frequent element in minor place names. | 1,587 | 1:3,997 |
460 | Deleon This surname means 'of the lion' in Spanish. | 1,583 | 1:4,008 |
461 | Cortes Spanish (Cortés), Catalan (Cortès), and Portuguese (Cortês): from cortés ‘courteous’, ‘polite’, a derivative of corte (see Corte), a nickname for a refined person, sometimes no doubt given ironically. Spanish and Portuguese (Cortes): habitational name from any of numerous places in Spain and Portugal named with cortes, plural of corte ‘court’. | 1,557 | 1:4,074 |
462 | Ibarra Basque: habitational name from any of several places in the Basque Country named Ibarra, from ibar ‘meadow’ + the definite article -a. | 1,551 | 1:4,090 |
463 | Cristales | 1,546 | 1:4,103 |
464 | Clemente Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese: from the personal name Clemente (see Clement). | 1,542 | 1:4,114 |
465 | Alonso Spanish: from the personal name Alonso, a cognate of Alfonso. | 1,540 | 1:4,119 |
466 | Toledo Spanish and Jewish (Sephardic): habitational name from the city in central Spain, which was the capital of the Visigothic state between the 6th and 8th centuries. Its role declined for three centuries after the Muslim invasion of Spain, until it was taken as the capital of the kingdom of Castile between the 11th and 16th centuries. It was a major cultural and political center throughout the Middle Ages, and was also the home of an important Jewish community. The place name, first recorded in Latin as Toletum, is of obscure etymology, possibly connected with Toleto in Piedmont; Jewish tradition connects it with Hebrew toledot ‘generations’, but this is no more than folk etymology. | 1,537 | 1:4,127 |
467 | Quevedo Spanish: habitational name from a place called Quevedo, such as Casa de Quevedo in Albacete province. | 1,507 | 1:4,210 |
468 | Moya Spanish: habitational name from Moya, in Cuenca, or from places so named Valencia, Lugo, and the Canaries. Catalan (Moyà): variant spelling of the habitational name from Moià in Barcelona province, named in Late Latin as Modianus ‘(estate) of Modius’ (a personal name derived from Latin modus ‘measure’). | 1,496 | 1:4,241 |
469 | Artero | 1,491 | 1:4,255 |
470 | Quiñonez | 1,490 | 1:4,258 |
471 | Pacas | 1,487 | 1:4,266 |
472 | Santana Spanish and Portuguese: habitational name from any of the numerous places named Santana, an assimilated form of Santa Ana. | 1,470 | 1:4,316 |
473 | Clavel Spanish: from Spanish clavel or Catalan clavell ‘clove’, earlier also ‘nail’, a derivative of Latin clavellus ‘nail’, applied as a metonymic occupational name for a spice trader or a nail maker. French: metonymic occupational name for a nail maker from a derivative of Latin clavellus, but in some cases possibly from the same word in the sense ‘smallpox’, ‘rash’. | 1,460 | 1:4,345 |
474 | Gamero Spanish: unexplained. This name is particularly common in Mexico, also well established in Peru. | 1,459 | 1:4,348 |
475 | Deodanes | 1,451 | 1:4,372 |
476 | Polio | 1,436 | 1:4,418 |
477 | Mayorga Spanish: habitational name from Mayorga in Valladolid province (Latin Maiorica). | 1,435 | 1:4,421 |
478 | Casco Spanish (and Portuguese): from casco ‘helmet’, ‘shell’. | 1,418 | 1:4,474 |
479 | Prudencio Spanish: from the personal name Prudencio (from Latin Prudentius). | 1,417 | 1:4,477 |
480 | Penado | 1,413 | 1:4,490 |
481 | Lucero Spanish: nickname from lucero, a derivative of luz ‘light’, which has variety of meanings including ‘morning or evening star’, ‘star or blaze marking on a horse’. | 1,412 | 1:4,493 |
482 | Ibañez | 1,404 | 1:4,518 |
483 | Grijalva Spanish: habitational name from any of various places named Grijalba, in particular the one in Burgos province. The place name is from iglesia ‘church’ + Old Spanish alva ‘white’. | 1,394 | 1:4,551 |
484 | Mauricio Portuguese (Maurício) and Spanish: from the personal name Mauricio (Portuguese), Mauricio (Spanish), derived from the Latin personal name Mauritius (see Morris). | 1,392 | 1:4,557 |
485 | Montalvo Portuguese and Spanish: habitational name from places named Montalvo. See Montalbo. | 1,388 | 1:4,571 |
486 | Cuadra Asturian-Leonese: probably a habitational name from a place in Asturies called Cuadra. | 1,387 | 1:4,574 |
487 | Marmol Spanish (Mármol): from mármol ‘marble’; perhaps a topographic name for someone who lived in an area of marble, a habitational name from either of two places called El Mármol (in Cádiz and Jaén provinces), a metonymic occupational name for a stonemason or quarryman, or a nickname for a cold, unresponsive person. Polish: nickname from Polish dialect marmolic ‘to dawdle’; also meaning ‘to get dirty’. | 1,383 | 1:4,587 |
488 | Sarmiento From the latin "sarmentum" - vine shoots. The landmark of the area where the inhabitants were given this name. Place name in Argentina.Galician name descended from knight Salvador González, Count of Bureba. | 1,379 | 1:4,600 |
489 | Zaldivar Basque: Castilianized variant of Basque Zaldibar, a habitational name from a place so named in Biscay province. The place name is of uncertain derivation: it may be from zaldu ‘wood’, ‘copse’ or from zaldi ‘horse’ + ibar ‘water meadow’, ‘fertile plain’. | 1,375 | 1:4,614 |
490 | Tovar Spanish: variant of Tobar. | 1,374 | 1:4,617 |
491 | Colato | 1,366 | 1:4,644 |
492 | Marinero | 1,360 | 1:4,665 |
493 | Minero | 1,354 | 1:4,685 |
494 | Jiron Spanish (Jirón): variant of the habitational name Girón (see Giron). | 1,353 | 1:4,689 |
495 | Henrriquez | 1,351 | 1:4,696 |
496 | Reina Spanish: habitational name from any of the places named Reina. Spanish and Portuguese: most likely from the female personal name Reina (from Latin Regina), otherwise a nickname from reina ‘queen’. Italian: from a Sicilian variant of regina ‘queen’ (see Regina). | 1,347 | 1:4,710 |
497 | Ferrufino | 1,340 | 1:4,734 |
498 | Coca Spanish: habitational name from a place so named in Segovia province or from Coca de Alba in Salamanca. Italian: probably an altered spelling of Cocca, or possibly a variant of Coco. | 1,337 | 1:4,745 |
499 | Corea Spanish: nickname from corea ‘chorea’. Spanish: variant of Correa. Southern Italian: possibly a habitational name from Corea, a place in Calabria. | 1,331 | 1:4,766 |
500 | Galindo Spanish: from the medieval personal name Galindo, of predominantly Aragonese origin and distribution, but of unknown etymology. | 1,328 | 1:4,777 |