1000 Most Common Last Names in Poland

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): nickname for a newcomer to a district or someone new to a profession or occupation, from a derivative of Polish nowy ‘new’. This is an extremely common Polish surname.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Kowalskie in Poznan voivodeship or a place called Kowale. Polish and Jewish (from Poland): patronymic from Kowal, an occupational name from kowal ‘smith’, with the addition of the common surname suffix -ski.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Lewandów in Warszawa voivodeship, named with the vocabulary word lewanda, lawenda ‘lavender’.

Polish: from a derivative of Kowal ‘smith’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Janków, Jankowo, or Jankowice, places named with the personal name Janek.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of several places called Wojciechowo or Wojciechów, named with the personal name Wojciech (see Voytek).

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name from any of various places called Kwiatków, Kwiatkowo, or Kwiatkowice, named with Polish kwiatek ‘flower’.

Polish: from a pet form or patronymic from ka(r)czmarz ‘innkeeper’ (see Kaczmar).

regional name for someone from the medieval province of Masovia (Polish Mazowsze), which includes modern Masuria. Polish: nickname from Polish mazur ‘rustic’.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): occupational name from a diminutive of krawiec ‘tailor’, possibly in the sense ‘tailor’s apprentice’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of various places called Piotrów, Piotrowo, or Piotrowice.

Polish, Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic), and eastern German: habitational name from any of various places named with Slavic grab ‘hornbeam’ (the wood which was used for making yokes), for example Grabów, Grabowa, Grabowo.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Nowakowa in Nowy Sacz voivodeship, or Nowakowo in Poznan voivodeship.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from a place called Michale in Bydgoszcz voivodeship, or Michaly in Plock voivodeship. Jewish (from Poland): patronymic from personal name Michal (see Michael).

Polish: from a pet form or patronymic from the personal name Adam.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): variant of Nowak ‘newcomer’. Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Nowica or Nowice, named with nowý ‘new’.

Polish, Ukrainian, Czech, and Slovak: nickname from dudek ‘hoopoe’, with reference to some attribute of the bird such as its repetitive call or its bright plumage. In Polish the word also means ‘simpleton’ and this no doubt contributed to the Polish surname.

Polish: nickname for someone thought to resemble a bat, from Polish dialect wieczorek ‘bat’, a diminutive of wieczór ‘evening’.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from any of various places called Majewo. Jewish (from Poland): surname adopted with reference to the month of May, Polish maj, assimilated to the Polish surname.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from any of the many places in Poland called Olsze, Olszew, Olszewa, or Olszewo, named with Polish olsza ‘alder’.

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from any of numerous places named Jawory or Jaworze, named with Polish jawor ‘maple’, ‘sycamore’.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Pawel (see Paul).

Polish, Ukrainian, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from any of various places named in Polish as Malinów, Malinowo, or Malinówka, or in Ukrainian as Malinov, Malinovo, or Malinovka, all named with the common Slavic word malina ‘raspberry’.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Walek, Walerian, or some other personal name beginning with Wal-.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of the places in Poland called Witkowo, Witków, or Witkowice, named with the personal name Witek.

Polish: habitational name from any of various places called Rutkinor Rutkowice, named with rutak ‘rue’ (see Rutka).nAC

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Michal (see Michael).

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): from Polish sikora ‘titmouse’, ‘coalmouse’, hence a nickname for a small, dark person, or, in the case of the Jewish name, an ornamental name. Compare Czech and Slovak Sýkora (see Sykora). Jewish (from Poland): habitational name from any of the villages called Sikory.

Polish and Jewish (Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from any of many places in Poland and adjacent parts of eastern Europe named Ostrów, named with Polish ostrów ‘island’, ‘water meadow’ (see Ostrow) or a cognate word in a related Slavic language.

Polish, Ukrainian, Russian, Czech, Slovak, and Hungarian (Bárány): nickname from baran ‘ram’, borne by either a forceful, lusty man or else by a shepherd. Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): ornamental name from the same word, baran ‘ram’.

(Polish) The little man who made outer garments, a tailor.

Polish, Ukrainian, Czech, and Slovak: nickname for a player of the bagpipes, from Slavic duda ‘bagpipe’. Czech: nickname for someone thought to resemble a hoopoe (dudek). Hungarian: from the old secular personal name Duda, or in some cases possibly a shortened form of Dudás (see Dudas).

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of the many places in Poland called Tomaszew or Tomaszewo, formed with the personal name Tomasz (see Thomas).

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Pietr, dialect form of Piotr (see Peter).

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Marcin (see Martin).

Polish: topographic name for someone who lived by a flood plain or a bay, Polish zalew, or a habitational name for someone from a place named with this word, in particular Zalew in Sieradz voivodeship or Zalewo in Olsztyn voivodeship. There has been considerable confusion with Zaleski.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from Jakubów, Jakubowo, or Jakubowice, all places named with Jakub, vernacular form of Latin Jacobus (see Jacob). Jewish (from Poland): patronymic from the personal name Jakub (see Jacob).

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from any of several places called Zawada or Zawady, in different parts of Poland. The place name is derived from Polish zawada ‘obstacle’.

Polish, Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic), Ukrainian, and Belorussian: habitational name for someone from any of numerous places named with Polish sad ‘orchard’ or a cognate in a related Slavic language, for example Sadowa in northeastern Poland. This surname is also well established in German-speaking countries.

Polish: habitational name for someone from one of many places called Chmielew or Chmielewo, from chmiel ‘hops’.

(Polish) Dweller in a small wood.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from a place called Czarnca in Kielce voivodeship, or any of the various places called Czarnocin or Czarnia, all named with Polish czarny ‘black’.

(Polish, Ukranian) The son of Sawa (desire).

Polish: patronymic from Kuba.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of various places called Maciejowa, Maciejów, or Maciejowice, all named with the personal name Maciej (see Matthew).

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of the various places in Poland called Kuchary, named with kucharz ‘cook’.

Polish: from Polish wilk ‘wolf’, probably from an Old Slavic personal name containing this element, but perhaps also applied as a nickname for someone thought to resemble a wolf or connected with wolves. Scottish and English: from a medieval personal name, a back-formation from Wilkin, as if that contained the Anglo-Norman French diminutive suffix -in. North German: variant of Wilke.

Polish, Czech, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): from Polish and Czech dialect lis ‘fox’, a nickname for a cunning person or, in the case of the Jewish name, an ornamental name. Czech: nickname for a man with a bald pate, from a variant of Czech lysý ‘bald’. Dutch: metronymic from a short form of the personal female names Alice or Elisabeth (see Lies). Dutch (van Lis): habitational name from Lixhe in Belgium or Lieze in the Netherlands. French: perhaps a habitational name for someone who lived at a house distinguished by the sign of a lily, Old French lis.

Polish and Ukrainian: diminutive of Mazur.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from places called Kalinowa, Kalinowo, Kalinów, named with Polish kalina ‘snowball tree’, ‘guelder rose’ (a species of viburnum). See also Kalina.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from any of various places named with wysoki ‘high’, such as Wysocko, Wysoka, and Wysokie.

Polish: from the personal name Adam + the surname suffix -ski. Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from Adamy or Adamowo, villages in Poland, or from Adamki in Poland and Belarus.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Wasilew in Siedlce voivodeship, named with the personal name Wasil.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Sobek, a pet form of Sobieslaw, composed of the elements sobie ‘take for oneself’ + slaw ‘glory’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Andrzejewo, a derivative of the personal name Andrzej, Polish form of Andreas.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of many places in Poland called Zakrzewo or Zakrzów (named with za ‘beyond’ + krzew ‘thicket’), or alternatively, a topographic name for someone who lived ‘beyond the thicket’.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from any of several places called Sikora, Sikory, or Sikorzyce, named with sikora ‘titmouse’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of several places called Krajewo, so named from kraj ‘border area’.

(Polish) The son of Szymon (gracious hearing).

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

(Polish) Dweller in, or near, a wood.

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from the village of Baranów, or from any of many other places (Baran, Barany, Baranowice, Baranovo, Baranovka, etc.) named with Polish baran ‘ram’.

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name from any of several places called Lasków, Laskowa, or Laskowo, named with Polish lasek, a diminutive of las ‘forest’.

Polish, Ukrainian, and Jewish (Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from any of various places called Maków, Makowa, or Makowo, all named from mak ‘poppy’.

Polish: derivative of Przybyla ‘new arrival’, ‘foundling’ (see Przybyla), with the addition of the surname suffix -ski.

(Polish) Dweller in a small wood.

Polish: habitational name for someone from places called Nowaki in the voivodeships of Nowy Sacz, Opole, Siedlce, and elsewhere, named with nowy ‘new’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of the many places (Choina, Chojna, Choiny, Chojna, Chojny, or Chojnata), named with choina ‘fir tree’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Ciesle.

Polish, Slovak, and eastern German (of Slavic origin): from Polish, Sorbian krupa ‘barley’, hence a metonymic occupational name for a dealer in barley. Czech: variant of Kroupa.

(Polish) The son of Szczepan (crown or garland).

Polish: from a diminutive of ka(r)czmarz ‘innkeeper’ (see Kaczmar).

Polish: habitational name for someone from places called Kowalew or Kowalewo, named with kowal ‘smith’. Jewish (from Poland): occupational name from the vocabulary word kowal ‘smith’, with the addition of the common surname ending -ewski.

Ukrainian, Polish, Sorbian, Czech, Slovak (Kozák), and Hungarian (Kozák): ethnic name for a Cossack, a member of a people descended from a group of runaway serfs who set up a semi-independent military republic in Ukraine in the 15th and 16th centuries. The Cossacks became noted for their military prowess. The word Cossack is of Turkic origin, but most European languages borrowed it from eastern Slavic (Russian, Ukrainian kazák, kozák). This term also came to be used as a nickname for a pert fellow, a devil-may-care blusterer. Polish and Czech (Kozák): metonymic occupational name for a goatherd, from a diminutive of Koza. Jewish (Ashkenazic): nickname from Yiddish kozak ‘warrior’, ‘brave man’ (a Ukrainian loanword), a derivative of 1.

Polish and Jewish (Ashkenazic): Polish nickname or Jewish ornamental name, from Polish kania ‘kite’.

Polish and Ukrainian: patronymic from Urban.

Polish, Ukrainian, Czech dialect, and Slovak: nickname from mucha ‘fly’, denoting an irritating person or someone considered of no importance.

Polish: from a diminutive of kowal ‘smith’ (see Kowal), or nickname from kowalik in the sense ‘woodpecker’.

Polish: patronymic from Tomek, a pet form of the personal name Tomasz (see Thomas).

Polish: habitational name for someone from Czajka, Czajki, Czajków, Czajkowice, or other places named with Polish czajka ‘lapwing’ (cognate with Russian chaika ‘seagull’).

Polish, Ukrainian, Belorussian, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from any of various places called Markowa, Markowice, Markowo, Marków, etc., named with the personal name Marek. Jewish (Ashkenazic): patronymic from the personal name Marek.

from nawrócic ‘to be converted’, hence a name for a religious convert, in particular a Jew who had converted to Christianity. possibly also a habitational name for someone from Nawrotów in Kalisz voivodeship. The name is well established in Germany.

Polish, Czech, and Slovak (Janík), and Hungarian: from a pet form of the personal name Jan.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place named with brzoza ‘birch tree’, for example Brzozowa, Brzozowice, or Brzozowo.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Marek.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Wawrzyniec, from Latin Laurentius (see Lawrence).

from a short form of the personal name Jaroslaw (composed of the elements jaro- ‘young’, ‘robust’ +-slaw ‘glory’), or from some other personal name formed with jaro-, or from a dialect form of the personal name Hieronim, Polish form of Greek Hieronymos (see Jerome). in some cases it may have originated as a nickname for a vigorous young man, from the adjective jary.

Polish: derivative of Tomek, a pet form of the personal name Tomasz (see Thomas).

Polish: nickname from kurek ‘cockerel’, a Polish diminutive of kur ‘rooster’.

Polish and Eastern German (of Slavic origin): habitational name for someone from one of many places called Wola, named in Latin as libera villa ‘free village’, i.e. a settlement which was awarded liberty or relieved from certain duties. Compare Zwolinski, also Villafranca.

Polish, Slovak, Czech, Belorussian, Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic), and German (of Slavic origin): from a personal name or nickname based on Slavic kot ‘tom cat’. As a Jewish name it is generally an ornamental name.

Polish: patronymic from Stanek or Stanko, pet forms of the personal name Stanislaw (see Stanislaw).

(Polish) One who rented land to another, a landlord.

Polish: from a diminutive of Tkacz ‘weaver’.

Polish: patronymic from a reduced form of the personal name Stanislaw (see Stanislaw).

English, French, German, Czech, Slovak, Polish, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Hungarian (Urbán), and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): from a medieval personal name (Latin Urbanus meaning ‘city dweller’, a derivative of urbs ‘town’, ‘city’). The name was borne by a 4th-century saint, the patron saint of vines, and by seven early popes. The Jewish surname represents an adoption of the Polish personal name.

Polish: from the personal name Pawlik, a pet form of Pawel (see Paul).

Polish, Czech (Polák), and Jewish (Ashkenazic): ethnic name for someone from Poland. In the case of the Ashkenazic name, the reference is to a Jew from Poland. The name of the country (Polish Polska) derives from a Slavic element pole ‘open country’, ‘cleared land’. This surname is found throughout central and eastern Europe.

Polish: habitational name for someone from for example Dobrowola in Lublin or Siedlce voivodeships, places named from Polish dobry ‘good’ + volya ‘will’. According to Bystron, it may alternatively have a nickname for a peasant who had been freed from serfdom. Compare Czech Dobrovolny.

Polish: topographic name for someone who lived in a sandy place, from Polish piasek ‘sand’, or a habitational name from any of the many places named with this element, for example Piasek and Piaski.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of the many places in Poland called Wierzbica or Wierzbice, named with wierzba ‘willow’.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Janice in Plock voivodeship, named with the personal name Jan.

Polish: from a diminutive of bednarz ‘cooper’ (see Bednarz).

(Polish) Dweller in, or near, a forest of pine trees.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Majcher.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: surname adopted with reference to the month of May, Polish maj (see May). Surnames referring to months were sometimes adopted by Jewish converts to Christianity, with reference to the month in which they were baptized or in which the surname was registered.

(Polish) One with owlish qualities; dweller at the sign of the owl.

(Russian, Czech-Slovakian) One in the habit of using gajda, meaning, “hi,” or “hey” in exclamations; dweller in, or near, a wood.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Milew or Milewo, named with mily ‘nice’, ‘pleasant’.

Polish, Czech (Klímek), and Sorbian: from the personal name Klim, short form of Kliment or Klemens, from the Latin personal name Clemens (see Clement).

Polish: patronymic from the occupational name Olejnik.

Polish: patronymic from the occupational term rataj ‘plowman’.

Polish: from a short form of the personal name Amadej or Amadeusz (from medieval Latin Amadeus, from amare ‘to love’ + Deus ‘God’), or from a variant of Matej (see Matthew).

Polish, Ukrainian, Belorussian, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from any of various places called Romanów, Romany, or Romanowo.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Kasper (see Kaspar).

Polish: derivative of the personal name Matusz (see Matthew), with the addition of -ewski by analogy with other surnames (mostly habitational) with this ending, or possibly a habitational name for someone from an unidentified place named with this personal name.

Polish, Czech, and Slovak: from the West Slavic personal name Marek, a vernacular form of Latin Marcus (see Mark). Czech: from a pet form of the personal name Martin.

Polish, Jewish (from Poland), and German (of Slavic origin): occupational name for a blacksmith, Polish and Sorbian kowal.

Polish and Czech, and Slovak: metonymic occupational name for a plowman, from Polish, Czech socha ‘plow’. Czech: nickname for a strong man, from socha ‘bar’, ‘column’.

Polish: patronymic from Grzela, a dialect pet form of Grzegorz, vernacular form of Latin Gregorius (see Gregory).

Polish: nickname from czajka ‘lapwing’, a nickname for someone thought to resemble the bird in some way.

Polish: from a diminutive of bednarz ‘cooper’ (see Bednarz).

Polish: nickname for someone thought to resemble a crow in some way, from wrona ‘crow’.

(Polish, Ukranian) Single strip of soil thrown up by a plow, probably designating a plowman.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Matusz (see Matthew).

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Marcinkowo or Marcinkowice.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Sobolew in Lublin voivodeship, or Sobolewo in Bialystok, Lom?za, and Suwalki voivodeships, all named with Polish sobol ‘sable’ (see Sobol).

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of various places called Orzechów or Orzechowo, named with orzech ‘nut’, ‘hazelnut’. It may also be a topographic name for someone living by a hazelnut tree, or a nickname for someone with light brown hair, from the adjective orzechowy ‘hazel’.

Czech and Slovak (Olejník), Polish, Ukrainian, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): occupational name for an extractor or seller of cooking oil, from olej ‘oil’ + -ník (Czech), -nik (Polish, Yiddish), or -nyk (Ukrainian), suffix of agent nouns. In at least one family, the name has been Americanized (or rather Gaelicized) as O’Lennick.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Kurowo or Kurów, named with kur ‘rooster’.

Polish: patronymic from Mazurek.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from Rogów, Rogowa, or Rogowo, all named with the personal name Róg.

Polish: ethnic name meaning ‘Czech’. Probably also an English translation of the German cognate Zech or Czech and Slovak Cech (see Cech).

Polish: habitational name for someone from Janiszew in the voivodeships of Konin, Plock, and Radom, or Janiszów in the voivodeships of Lublin and Tarnobrzeg; both place names are from the personal name Jan.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from a place called Bednary, Bednarze, or Bednarskie. Jewish (from Poland): patronymic from Polish bednarz, an occupational name for a cooper (see Bednarz).

Polish: habitational name for someone from Chrzanów or Chrzanowo, villages named from Chrzan, a derogatory nickname from chrzan ‘horseradish’.

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from a place called Buków, Bukowo, or Bukowa, from buk ‘beech’.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from a place called Lisowo, Lisów, Lisowa, Lisowice, or other places named with Polish lis ‘fox’.

Polish: from czaja, czajka ‘lapwing’, a nickname for someone thought to resemble the bird in some way.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of various places called Grzybowa, Grzybowo, or Grzybów, all named with grzyb ‘mushroom’.

Polish: nickname from the Polish dialect term pluta ‘bad weather’, ‘rain’, ‘sleet’, or ‘puddle’, perhaps a nickname for someone of a gloomy disposition. This name also occurs in Germany.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Morawy in Ciechanów or Wloclawek voivodeships, or places called Morawa, Morawce, Morawczewice, or Morawka, all named with morawa ‘wet grassy area’, or a topographic name from this word.

Polish: from a diminutive form of the personal name Sobek, a pet form of Sobieslaw (see Sobczak).

Polish: topographic name for somebody who lived at the edge of a village, from Old Polish konieczny ‘final’, ‘ultimate’.

Polish: from Polish marzec (derived from Latin Martius (mensis), from the name of the god Mars), a nickname or personal name for someone who was born or baptized in the month of March or who had some other special connection with the month, such as owing a feudal obligation then.

Polish, Ukrainian, German, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic):noccupational name for a fisherman, an agent derivative of ryban‘fish’ (see Ryba). AB, AC

Polish: patronymic or pet form from the personal name Augustyn.

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Michal (see Michael).

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Marek (see Marek).

Polish: from a short form of the personal name Zygmunt.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): from Polish kaczor ‘drake’, applied either as a nickname or (especially among Jews) as an ornamental name. Hungarian: nickname from Slovak kocúr ‘tom cat’; alternatively it may be from Hungarian kacor ‘curved knife’ (from Southern Slav koser, kosir, kosor), perhaps as a metonymic occupational name for a maker or user of such knives.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Kubice in Ciechanów voivodeship, so named from the personal name Kuba.

Polish: from paluch ‘thumb’ (augmentative of palec ‘finger’), hence a nickname used to denote a small person or a dwarf, or possibly a descriptive nickname for someone with a deformed or missing thumb.

(Polish) One who had some characteristic of a magpie; dweller at the sign of the magpie.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Stefan.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): ethnic or regional name from the vocabulary word niemiec ‘German’. Compare Nemec.

Polish: derivative of the personal name Kasper (see Kaspar).

Polish: habitational name for someone from Cybulice or Cybulin, named with the personal name Cybula.

Polish: from the district Kujawy, on the west bank of the Vistula, bounded by the Vistula and Notec rivers and Lake Goplo.

Polish: nickname for someone who had recently arrived in a district, from przybysz ‘newcomer’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from either of two places called Lewiczyn, in the voivodeships of Ciechanów or Radom. Jewish (from Poland): from Polish lewicki ‘of the Levites’ (see Levy).

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

from the personal name Wit, a short form of Witold, a derivative of Lithuanian Vytautas, a compound of vyti ‘to guide’ + tauta ‘the people’. from a pet form of another personal name Wit with a different etymology, namely a derivative of Latin Vitus, from vita ‘life’. Compare Italian Vito.

Polish and Czech: from the personal name Lech, often chosen as a patriotic name among Poles. According to Slavic legend, three brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus, founded the nations of the Poles, Czechs, and Russians respectively. In Czech the term Lech denotes a Pole. North German: from a byname for a mean person, from Middle Low German lech ‘low’, ‘bad’, ‘mean’.

variant of Piekarz ‘baker’, with the addition of -ski, a common suffix of surnames. habitational name for someone from any of various places in Poland called Piekary.

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from Janów, Janowo, or Janowice, all places named with the personal name Jan.

Polish: from kulesza ‘gruel’, a dish normally made with corn flour; probably a nickname for someone who habitually cooked or was fond of this dish.

Polish: habitational name for someone from places in Nowy S{a,}cz or Torun voivodeships called Ciche, from cichy ‘quiet’, ‘calm’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from placed called Murawa or Murawy, named with murawa ‘lawn’, ‘green’.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): occupational name for a cooper, Polish bednarz.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Niewiadom in Katowice voivodeship or Niewiadoma in Siedlce voivodeship, probably both places so named from niewiadomy ‘unknown’.

Polish: habitational name from Rudnik in southeastern Poland,nRudniki, or some other place named with Slavic ruda ‘iron ore’.nAC

Polish: habitational name for someone from Staniszewo in Gdansk and Poznan voivodeships, or Staniszów or Staniszewice in Radom voivodeship.

Czech, Slovak, Polish, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): from the vocabulary word Turek ‘Turk’, either an ethnic name for a Turk or a nickname for someone who was thought to resemble a Turk in some way. Croatian (northern Croatia) and Slovenian: nickname for a refugee from the Turks in the 15th and 16th century, from the ethnic term Turek ‘Turk’. Slovenian territory and the northern parts of present-day Croatia were a refuge for Christians from Bosnia when it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire, and from those parts of Croatia that were a war zone. Refugees were thus not ethnic Turks, but Serbs and Croats from ‘Turkey’, i.e. the Ottoman Empire. Slovenian: perhaps also a nickname or occupational name from any of various plants named turek, e.g. a kind of flax or a mushroom of the genus Leccinium. Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name from any of several places named Turek, in particular one in Konin voivodeship.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): from Polish chmiel ‘hops’, hence a metonymic occupational name for a grower of hops. It may also be from any of various places in Poland named with this word.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from Karczew, named with Polish karcz ‘stump’.

Polish, Czech, Slovak, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): nickname for someone thought to resemble a thrush, from Polish and Czech drozd ‘thrush’. As a Jewish name it is mainly ornamental.

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Pietr, dialect form of Piotr (see Peter).

Polish and Jewish (from Polish): habitational name for someone from Komorowo or Komorów, both places named from Old Polish komor ‘mosquito’.

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Benedykt, from Latin Benedictus (see Benedict).

Polish: patronymic from a pet form of the personal name Antoni (see Anthony).

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Filip, a vernacular form of Greek Philippos (see Philip).

Polish: habitational name from any of various places called Grochów, Grochy, or Grochowce, from groch ‘pea’.

Polish: from graczyk ‘player’, diminutive of gracz, an agent noun from grac ‘to play’, in various senses: to play cards or to play a musical instrument, hence a nickname for a gambler or musician.

Polish and eastern Slavic: patronymic from the personal names Klim or Klima, short forms of Klemens, from the Latin personal name Clemens (see Clement).

(Italian) Descendant of Serafino (highest order of angels).

Polish (common in Silesia) and Jewish (from Poland): from gruszka ‘pear’, hence a metonymic occupational name for someone who grew or sold pears, or a nickname for someone thought to resemble the fruit. As a Jewish surname it is mainly ornamental.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

(Polish) Dweller at the sign of the gray horse; one who rode a gray horse.

Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Hungarian (Rák), and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): from Slavic rak ‘crab’, ‘lobster’, or ‘crayfish’. This was applied as an occupational name for someone who caught and sold crayfish, crabs, or lobsters, or as a nickname to someone thought to resemble such a creature. In Polish, the word is found in several idioms, for example, czerwony jak rak ‘red as a lobster’. In Slovenian, it only means ‘crayfish’.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): nickname for a troublesome or troubled person, from Polish zawada ‘problem’, ‘obstacle’. In some cases it may be a topographic name for someone who lived by a physical obstruction or a habitational name from a place called Zawada, named with this word (see Zawadzki).

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from Godlewo in Lom?za voivodeship.

Polish, Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic), and German (of Slavic origin): nickname from Slavic kulik ‘curlew’. Czech (Kulík): from a short form of the personal name Mikuláš, Czech form of Nicholas. Jewish (from Belarus): habitational name from Kuliki, now in Belarus.

Polish and Czech (Pták): nickname for a small, slight person or a smart individual, from Polish ptak, Czech pták ‘bird’. This name is also found in German-speaking countries.

Polish: variant of Zarzecki.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of several places called Strzelce, named with strzelec ‘bowman’.

Polish: patronymic from Bartek.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): occupational name for a tailor, Polish krawiec, from Old Slavic kravati ‘to cut’.

Polish, Czech, Slovak (Konôpka), and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): nickname for an active person, from konopka ‘linnet’. Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name from some place named with konopie ‘hemp’, for example Konopki.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Spanish, Catalan, Portuguese, Dutch, and German: from the personal name Gil, from French Gille(s), from Latin Aegidius (see Giles). German: from Slavic gil ‘bullfinch’, probably a nickname for a simpleton.

Czech (Pánek) and Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Pankrac (see Pankratz) or Stipán (see Steven). Polish: nickname from a diminutive of Polish pan ‘master’, used either affectionately, in the sense ‘little master’, or contemptuously, in the sense ‘lordling’. Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Panas, a vernacular form of Atanazy, a derivative of Greek Athanasios (see Athanas).

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Jan.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Winiary, a place named from Polish winiarz ‘producer or seller of wine’.

Polish, Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic), and Ukrainian: habitational name for someone from any of many places named Tokary. Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) and Ukrainian: patronymic from Tokarz and Tokar.

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Benedykt, a vernacular form of Benedictus (see Benedict).

Polish: from grzyb ‘mushroom’, applied as a nickname for a dull old man, or a metonymic occupational name for someone who collected and sold edible fungi.

metonymic occupational name for a woodcutter, from a derivative of Polish zarabac ‘to hack or chop’. habitational name from any of various places called Zareby.

Polish: habitational name for someone from places called Franki (in Lomza and Plock voivodeships), Frankowo, or Frankowa, so named from the personal names Franek or Franko, derivatives of the personal name Franciszek, a vernacular form of Latin Franciscus (see Francis).

Polish, Ukrainian, Belorussian, and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from any of several places named Rakowo and Raków, including one south of Warsaw and another in Belarus, which was a frontier town between Poland and the Soviet Union from 1921 to 1939.

(Polish) Dweller at the sign of the lark; one with the qualities of a lark.

from a personal name beginning with Old Slavic dobie ‘courageous’, ‘noble’, for example Dobiemir or Dobieslaw. occupational name from dobosz ‘drummer’.

Polish: patronymic from Sienko, a pet form of the eastern Slavic personal name Siemion (see Simon).

Polish: patronymic from Witek.

Polish: derivative of Polish nawrócic ‘to be converted’ (see Nawrocki).

Polish: topographic name or perhaps a nickname, from kostrzewa ‘fescue grass’ (from kostra ‘spike’).

Polish: from a diminutive of Kucharz ‘cook’ (see Kuchar), or from the vocabulary word kucharczyk ‘cook’s apprentice’.

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): occupational name for a weaver, Polish tkacz, a noun derivative of tkac ‘to weave’. Compare Tkach.

(German) Descendant of Berinhard (bear, brave).

Polish: from a short form of the personal name Boguslaw (composed of the Slavic elements Bog ‘God’ + slav ‘glory’).

Polish: habitational name from Rybice, now Rybitwy, in Plocknvoivodeship. AC

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: from the personal name Janus, a derivative of Jan.

(Polish) Descendant of little Szczepan (crown or garland).

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from Rogal in Kalisz voivodeship, or from any of several places called Rogale. The place names are derived from rogal ‘(roe) deer’, ‘stag’.

nickname from buczec ‘to hum’, ‘to blubber’. topographic name from a diminutive of buk ‘beech’ (see Bukowski).

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: from kaleta ‘leather purse’, either a metonymic occupational name for a maker of such purses or a nickname for someone who habitually carried one.

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Jura.

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Grzegorz, vernacular form of Latin Gregorius (see Gregory).

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of various places called Kaczorów, Kaczorowo, or Kaczorowice, named with kaczor ‘drake’ (see Kaczor).

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of various places called Trojanów, Trojanowa, or Trojanowice, all of which are named with the personal name Trojan.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: nickname from gawron ‘rook’. German: habitational name of Slavic origin from a place so named near Breslau.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): nickname from Polish rogala ‘roe deer’. This term also means ‘croissant’, and may be an occupational name for a baker. As a Jewish name it is generally of ornamental origin.

Polish, Czech, and Slovak (Kubík): from a pet form of the personal name Kuba, itself a pet form of Jakub (see Jacob).

Polish, Czech, Slovak, and Jewish (from Poland): nickname for a rotund person, from Polish kula ‘ball’, Czech dialect kula (standard Czech koule). Czech: from a short form of the personal name Mikuláš, Czech form of Nicholas. Jewish (from Belarus): habitational name from Kulya, now in Belarus.

Polish: patronymic from Wojtek, a pet form of the personal name Wojciech (see Voytek).

from kisiel ‘fruit jelly’, perhaps applied as a nickname for someone with a passion for this type of confection or some perceived likeness to it. topographic name, a variant of German Kiesel ‘gravel’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from the city of Radom in central Poland, south of Warsaw. The place name is based on the Old Slavic personal name Radomir.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Maliszew in Siedlce voivodeship, Maliszewo in Wloclawek voivodeship, or Maliszów in Radom voivodeship.

Polish: patronymic from Rosa.

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Gawel, Latin Gallus (see Gall 2).

Polish: from cebula ‘onion’ (Latin cepulla), either a nickname or a metonymic occupational name for an onion grower or seller.

Polish: patronymic from a short form of Grzegorz, vernacular form of Latin Gregorius (see Gregory).

Polish: from a pet form of the Polish personal name Rój. Polish and Jewish (from Poland): from a diminutive of the vocabulary word rój ‘hive’, ‘swarm’.

Polish, Czech, Slovenian, and Croatian: nickname from a vocabulary word meaning ‘small’ (Czech malý, Polish maly, Slovenian and Croatian mali). Compare Maly.

Polish: ethnic name or nickname from a word meaning ‘gypsy’, ‘Romany’. Altered spelling of eastern German Zigan, from Hungarian cigány ‘gypsy’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Boguty, Bogucice, Bogucin, or Bogucino, which are all diminutives of Boguta, a derivative of the personal name Boguslaw (see Boguslawski).

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Mikuly or Mikulice, named with the personal name Mikula (see Mikula).

patronymic from the personal name Walek. habitational name from a place called Walków in Sieradz voivodeship.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): occupational name from flis ‘raftsman’. eastern Slovenian: common but unexplained.

Polish: from czapla ‘heron’, hence a nickname for a man with long, thin legs.

Polish: from wnuk ‘grandson’, possibly a name for someone who was brought up by his grandparents after losing his parents.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of various places called Drozdowo or Drozdów, for example.

Polish: from rzepka, diminutive of rzepa ‘turnip’,neither a nickname or a metonymic occupational name for a peasant whongrew root vegetables. AC, AB

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from any of various places called Lipie, Lipsk, Lipsko, Lipy, etc., all named with Polish lipa ‘lime tree’.

Czech (Filípek) and Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Filip, a vernacular form of Greek Philippos (see Philip).

Polish: habitational name from any of several places called Zaborowo or Zaborów, probably named with za ‘beyond’ + bór ‘forest’ + -owo or -ów, suffix of place names. Alternatively, it could be a topographic name for someone who lived ‘on the other side of the forest’.

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from a place called Falkow (now Falków) for example, probably named from Falek, a pet form of Chwal, a short form of the personal name Chwalislaw. In some instances the Jewish name is a patronymic from the Yiddish personal name Falk.

Polish: nickname for a newcomer to a district, from a diminutive of Nowak.

Polish: patronymic from a pet form of the personal name Krzysztof (see Christopher) or Krystian (see Christian).

Polish: occupational name for a drover, from a term borrowed from Hungarian (see Hajdu), which was also used to denote a Hungarian foot soldier in the Polish army in the 16th century.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place named Ciszewo, from a derivative of cichy ‘quiet’, ‘calm’.

Polish: nickname for a person of a gloomy disposition, from Polish mroczek ‘small dark cloud’ (a diminutive of mrok ‘cloud’, also used in the sense ‘gloom’, ‘darkness’). This word also means ‘bat’, which could also lie behind the nickname.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Lisiec in Konin voivodeship or a place called Liszki, both named with lis ‘fox’ (see Lis).

Ukrainian, Belorussian, and Polish: ethnic name from eastern Slavic Lach ‘Pole’. This term is used in Czech to denote the inhabitants of the northeastern part of Moravia, near the Polish border. Slovak, Czech (Moravian), and German (of Slavic origin): from the personal name Lach, a short form of Czech and Slovak (V)ladislav (see Laszlo). Germanized spelling of Slovenian Lah, derivative of Vlah ‘Wallachian’, ‘Vlach’, ‘Romanian’, or more generally denoting any person of foreign origin.

Polish: from an augmentative form of the personal name Pietr, dialect form of Piotr (see Peter).

Polish: habitational name for someone from Karwowo, or other places named with the dialect word karw ‘ox’.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: from a derivative of Borzyslaw, Bolebor, or some other personal name formed with bor. Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name from Borek, so named with Polish bór ‘pine forest’ + the diminutive suffix -ek. As a Jewish name, it could sometimes be from a Polonized form of the Yiddish personal name Borukh.

Polish: from a derivative of dziub ‘nose’, ‘peak’, also sometimes applied as a nickname for someone with a pock-marked complexion. Ukrainian and Jewish (from Ukraine): nickname from Ukrainian dzyuba ‘pock-marked person’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from the city of Kraków.

Hungarian, Polish, Czech (Míka), and Slovak: from a pet form of a central and eastern European personal name equivalent to Nicholas: Hungarian Miklós, Czech and Slovak Mikuláš, Polish Mikolaj.

Polish: from the medieval personal name Lasota (from Polish las ‘wood’, ‘forest’), adopted as an equivalent of the Latin personal name Sylvester (which is from Latin silva ‘wood’, ‘forest’).

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Justek, a pet form of Just.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: nickname from Polish sobie ‘take for oneself’ + raj ‘paradise’.

 

Polish: from a diminutive of Kmiec ‘peasant farmer’ (see Kmiec).

Polish: nickname either from Old Polish bujak ‘impertinent person’, or from bujac ‘to develop or grow quickly’.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Dominik, a vernacular form of Late Latin Dominicus (see Dominick).

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Mis (see Mis).

Polish: habitational name for someone from Kubaczyn in Poznan voivodeship, a place so named from Kuba, a pet form of the personal name Jakub (see Jacob).

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Jakub, vernacular form of Latin Jacobus (see Jacob).

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Bartlomiej (see Bartholomew).

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Mierzejewo, named with mierzeja ‘spit’, ‘sandbar’.

Polish: occupational name for a sawyer, Polish pilarz (see Pilarczyk) + -ski, common ending of surnames.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Jurek, a pet form of Jura.

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from any of the places called Tarnów, Tarnowa, Tarnowiec, and Tarnowo (named with Polish tarn ‘blackthorn’ + -ów suffix). In the case of the Jewish surname, the source is usually, if not exclusively, Tarnów in southern Poland.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of many places in central and northern Poland called Gutowo or Gutów.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Jezioro, Jeziory, Jeziora, or Jezierzyce, all places named with jezioro ‘lake’.

Polish: from the personal name Janas, a derivative of Jan, vernacular form of Latin Johannes (see John).

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Stefan, Polish vernacular form of Latin Stephanus (see Steven).

Polish: habitational name for someone from Twardowo in Poznan voivodeship or Twardów in Kalisz voivodeship, named with Polish twardy ‘hard’.

Polish: patronymic from Florek, a pet form of the personal name Florian.

(Polish) Dweller at the sign of the loaf of bread.

Ukrainian, Polish, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): occupational name from Ukrainian stelmakh and Polish stelmach ‘wheelwright’, ‘cartwright’ (a word of German origin; compare Stellmacher).

Polish: from a patronymic form of Duda.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish, Ukrainian, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): from Polish, Ukrainian, and eastern Yiddish pasternak ‘parsnip’ (via Middle High German from Latin pastinaca), apparently a nickname or in the case of the Jewish surname, an ornamental name.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name from any of many places in Poland called Zielonka. Compare Polish zielonka ‘silage’, a derivative of zielony ‘green’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from either of two places, in Radom and Tarnobrzeg, named Staszów, named with a reduced form of the personal name Stanislaw (see Stanislaw).

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Filip, a vernacular form of Greek Philippos (see Philip).

Polish: from Polish noga ‘leg’, used as a derogatory nickname for a totally incompetent person.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Matusz (see Matthew).

patronymic from the personal name Olcza, a pet form of Olek. possibly also a topographic name for someone who lived by an alder tree, from a derivative of olcza, variant of olsza ‘alder’.

Polish: metonymic occupational name for a bootmaker, or a nickname for someone who habitually wore boots, from cholewa ‘boot upper’.

Polish: from a diminutive form of the personal name Wilk.

Polish, Czech, Slovak, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): from western and eastern Slavic koza ‘nanny goat’, probably applied as a nickname for someone thought to resemble a goat, or alternatively as a metonymic occupational name for a goatherd.

habitational name for someone from any of various places called Czechowice, Czechowo, or Czechów, all named with Czech, a short form of the personal name Czibor (composed of Polish czcic ‘venerate’ and Slavic bor ‘to fight’). from a derivative of Czech, an ethnic name for a Czech.

Polish: nickname from Polish strzelczyk, diminutive of strzelec ‘bowman’.

Polish and Czech: from a derivative of the personal name Kuba, a pet form of Jakub (see Jacob).

Polish: patronymic from Janek or Janko, pet forms of the personal name Jan.

Polish: occupational name from ka(r)czmarz ‘innkeeper’ + the common surname suffix -ski.

Polish: from the personal name Zygmunt, Polish form of Siegmund.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish and Ukrainian: pet form or patronymic from the personal name Adam.

Czech and Slovak (Adámek); and Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Adam.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from places called Sieradz in Sieradz and Piotrków voivodeships, or from Sieradza in Tarnów voivodeship.

Polish, Czech, and Slovak: from kapusta ‘cabbage’, hence a metonymic occupational name for a cabbage grower or a nickname for someone with a peculiarity of the head.

Polish: from the personal name Majcher, a vernacular form of Melchior.

Polish: habitational name for someone from places called Paczkowo or Paczków, in Poznan and Opole voivodeships, named with the personal name Paczek (see Pacek).

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from places in Poland called Modzel or Modzele, from modzel ‘hard place’, ‘callus’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Jacków, Jackowice, or Jackowo, places named with the personal name Jacek.

Polish: habitational name for someone from places called Malice, Malik, or Maliki.

Polish: patronymic from or pet form of the personal name Adam.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name from a place named Siedlce or Siedlec, of which there are many in different parts of Poland. The most important of them is in Siedlce voivodeship in eastern Poland. The place name is derived from siodlo, meaning ‘abode’ or ‘dwelling place’ in Old Polish.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Niedzieliska in the voivodeships of Plock, Tarnów, or Zamosc, or Niedzielsko in Sieradz voivodeship. All of these places were probably named with niedziela ‘Sunday’ or with Niedziel, a nickname from nie dzielic ‘don’t divide’.

Polish and Slovak: from a pet form of the medieval personal name Florian.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

(Czech-Slovakian) Dweller at the sign of the beaver; one with the characteristics of a beaver.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Adam.

Polish: ethnic name for a Kashubian (Polish Kaszuba). The Kashubians are a Slavic people with their own distinctive dialect and customs, living in northern Poland to the southwest and west of Gdansk.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): nickname from grzywacz ‘ring-necked dove’ or from grzywa ‘mane’, with reference to a man with long hair. As a Jewish name it is mainly ornamental.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Sochacz in Krosno voivodeship.

Czech (Dec): ethnic name for a German, from German Deutsch. Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Dionizy, Polish form of Dionysius (see Dennis).

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): ethnic or regional name from a diminutive or patronymic from Polish Niemiec ‘German’.

Czech, Polish, Ukrainian, and Belorussian: from the personal name Prokop, Greek Prokopios, from pro ‘before’, ‘in front’ + kope ‘cut’, originally an omen name meaning ‘success’, ‘prosperity’ but as a Church name taken to mean ‘pioneer’, as it was the name of the first victim of Diocletian’s persecutions in Palestine in ad 303. He is venerated in the Orthodox Church, whence the popularity of the Russian personal name Prokofi. The popularity of the name in central Europe is largely due to a later St. Prokop, patron saint of Bohemia, who founded Sázava abbey in Prague in the 11th century.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: nickname from kuc ‘pony’, applied as a nickname to a short man.

Czech (Stanek) and Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Stanislav (Czech), Stanislaw (Polish) (see Stanislaw).

Polish: from a diminutive of Duda.

Polish (also Moleda): occupational name for a miller, from a derivative of Latin molendinator.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of various places called Mroczkowa, Mroczków, or Mroczkowice, named with mroczek ‘bat’.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: habitational name from Paszków in Warszawa voivodeship or Paszkowice in Piotrków voivodeship.

Polish, Ukrainian, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): ethnic ornregional name from Polish and Ukrainian rusin ‘Ruthenian’.n Jewish (from Belarus): habitational name from Rusiny in Belarus.nAB

Polish: nickname for a small person, from guzik ‘button’.

Polish: from czekac ‘to wait for’, possibly applied as a nickname for a patient person.

Polish: habitational name from any of numerous places called Sucha (see Suchy).

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): nickname denoting a person with dark hair or dark skin, from Polish czarny ‘black’.

Polish: metonymic occupational name name for a flour bolter, from pytel ‘bolting cloth’, ‘sieve’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Chojnowo or Chojnów, from choina ‘fir tree’, in Ciechanów, {L-}om?za and Ostro{l-}{e,}ka voivodeships.

Polish and Czech: occupational name or nickname for a worker in a kitchen, from kuchta ‘scullery maid’, ‘skivvy’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of the places called Kruszew or Kruszewo. For the etymology of the place names, see Kruszynski.

Polish: from the personal name Augustyn, Polish form of Latin Augustinus (see Augustine, Austin).

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of the various places called Puchaly in Warszawa, Lom?za, and Ostroleka voivodeships.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Kaniewo in Wloclawek voivodeship, named with Polish kania ‘kite’.

Polish and Jewish (Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from places called Kotów, Kotowy, or Kotowice, named with kot ‘cat’.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Urban.

nickname for someone who traveled about on foot, from Polish na piechote ‘on foot’. from a pet form of the personal name Piotr (see Peter).

Polish: patronymic from a short form of Wolimir or some other personal name formed with woli-, a derivative of wolec ‘to want’ or of wola ‘will’.

Polish: from kolasa ‘wagon’, ‘carriage’, hence a metonymic occupational name for a cartwright or coachman.

Polish, Czech, Dutch, and German: from a pet form of the personal name Jakobus (Czech Jakub) (see Jacob). Polish and Jewish (from Poland): nickname from kobus ‘falcon’.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish, Ukrainian, Slovak: from motyka ‘hoe’, a nickname for someone given to going off on a wild goose chase.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish and Belorussian: from a pet form of the personal name Benedykt, a vernacular form of Latin Benedictus (see Benedict).

Polish: habitational name for someone from Januszewo or Januszewice, both named with the personal name Janusz.

Polish, Czech (Urbánek), and Sorbian: from a pet form of the personal name Urban. The surname is also established in Germany.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Pawlikowice; there is one near Kutno in Plock voivodeship, also one near Krakow.

Italian and Catalan: from rosa ‘rose’ (Latin rosa), applied in part as a topographic name for someone who lived where wild roses grew, in part as a habitational name for someone who lived at a house distinguished by the sign of a rose, and in part as a nickname for someone with a pink, rosy complexion. Portuguese and Spanish: in most cases a short form of a name such as (de la) Rosa (Spanish) or (da) Rosa (Portuguese), or occasionally from the female personal name Rosa. Polish and Czech: from the vocabulary word rosa ‘dew’, ‘juice’, ‘sap’, applied as a nickname.

Ukrainian and Polish: topographic name for someone who lived by a lime tree, from lipka, diminutive of lipa ‘lime tree’ (see Lipa). Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): from a pet form of the personal name Lipe. Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): from a pet form of the female personal name Libe, derived from Yiddish libe ‘love’. Polish and Jewish (from Poland and Ukraine): habitational name for someone from villages called Lipka or Lipki in Poland and Ukraine. German: from a diminutive of Lippe 4.

Polish: from Trzeciak, presumably originally a byname for a third child or third son, from Polish trzeci ‘third’.

Polish: nickname from Polish dialect partyka ‘chunk of bread’, probably denoting an impoverished person, one who owned nothing but a chunk of bread. Czech: nickname from partyka ‘obscure salesman’.

Polish: from a derivative of the personal name Tomasz (see Thomas). Puruha-Mochica: in northern Ecuador, unexplained. probably also from a language from the Philippine Islands, unexplained.

(Polish, German) One who had an unusual beard; one who came from Broda, in Mecklenburg.

This last name is from Mongolia. It means 'the one who came from Zag', a city in mongolia.

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Michal (see Michael).

Japanese: ‘north’; variously written, found mostly in western Japan and Okinawa Island. In America, some instances of the name may be the result of shortening other names beginning with Kita. Polish: nickname from Polish kita ‘brush’ (as in a fox’s brush), ‘crest’.

Polish: occupational name from a diminutive of knap ‘weaver’. Czech: occupational name for a page boy or armor bearer, from a diminutive of early modern German Knape (see Knapp).

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Jurkowo, Jurków, Jurkowice, or other places named with the personal name Jurek.

Polish: from koper ‘dill’, ‘fennel’, a metonymic occupational name for a grower or seller of herbs and spices. German (also Köper): occupational name from Middle Low German kopere ‘salesman’, ‘dealer’, ‘merchant’. German (Köper): variant of Küpper (see Kupper). Dutch: metonymic occupational name for a coppersmith, from Dutch koper ‘copper’.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: unexplained.

Polish: from the personal name Janusz, a derivative of Jan.

Polish: habitational name for someone from places called for example Buczkowa, Buczkowo, Buczków, Buczek, or Buczkowice, all named with a diminutive of buk ‘beech’ (see Buczek).

Polish: nickname for a quiet person, from Polish cichy ‘quiet’, ‘calm’.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): from a diminutive of marchew ‘carrot’, as a Polish name a nickname for a person with carrot-colored hair. The Jewish surname is usually ornamental.

Polish: occupational name for a fisherman or a fish seller, andiminutive or patronymic derivative of Rybarz. AC

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: pet form of Mroz.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: habitational name for someone from an unidentified place, possibly Jagiele in Suwalki voivodeship. See also Jagiello.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Pawliki in Nowy Sacz voivodeship, or possibly Pawlikowice in Kraków, Lódz, and Plock voivodeships, all named with the personal name Pawel (see Paul).

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Kasper (see Kaspar).

Polish: patronymic from Maciek, a pet form of Maciej (see Matthew).

Polish (also Wojtas): from a pet form of the personal name Wojciech (see Voytek).

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Piotr (see Peter).

Polish: from a pet form of Grzegorz, vernacular form of Latin Gregorius (see Gregory).

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of various places called Korzeniów, for example in the voivodeships of Lublin or Tarnów; the place name is from korzen ‘root’.

Polish, Czech, Slovak, Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic), and Slovenian: occupational name for a carter or drayman, the driver of a horse-drawn delivery vehicle, from Polish, Yiddish, and Slovenian furman, a loanword from German (see Fuhrmann). See also Forman. English: variant of Firmin. Americanized spelling of German Fuhrmann.

Polish: nickname from flak ‘bowel’, ‘gut’, also ‘rag’. German and Danish: according to Søndergaard, a topographic or field name, from Low German flak ‘swampy grassland’, ‘shallow water’. German: topographic name for someone who lived in flat terrain, from Middle High German vlak ‘flat’, or, according to Bahlow, a variant of Flake.

Polish and Jewish (Ashkenazic): ethnic name for a Prussian, either a member of an ancient Baltic people related to the Lithuanians and Latvians or a member of the German people who displaced them in the 13th century. Compare Prusak, Preuss. Slovenian (south-central Slovenia): altered reduced form of the personal name Ambrož, Latin Ambrosius. Compare Brus 2.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): nickname from chmura ‘cloud’.

Polish: variant of Osowski, associated in particular with Ossowa in Biala Podlaska voivodeship and Ossów in Warszawa voivodeship.

from a pet form of the personal name Pietr, dialect form of Piotr (see Peter). from pietruszka ‘parsley’, a metonymic occupational name for someone who grew or sold this herb.

Polish: nickname from Polish golec (a noun derivative of the adjective goly ‘naked’) in various possible senses. The basic meaning is ‘naked man’ or ‘hairless man’. It could therefore be a nickname for someone penniless, totally destitute, a naked wretch, which is one of the meanings of the vocabulary word. Equally, it could be a nickname for a bald or clean-shaven man. Slovenian: nickname from the adjective gol ‘hairless’ (probably in the old sense ‘beardless youngster’).

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Kostki in Kielce or Siedlce voivodeships.

Polish: occupational name from Polish bartnik ‘bee keeper’.

Polish: nickname for a thin man, from chudy ‘thin’.

Czech and Slovak (Jaroš): from a short form of a personal name formed with jaro ‘young’, ‘lively’, for example Jaroslav, Jaromír, Jarohnev. Polish: variant of Jarosz. Hungarian (also Jaross): from a pet form of the personal name Gyárfás (alternative form Járfás).

Polish: metonymic occupational name for a trumpet or horn player, from surma ‘trumpet’, ‘horn’.

Polish: habitational name from Radecz, now called Redecz, in Wloclawek voivodeship, or from the place once named Radecz or Redecz, now Recz. Both places are named with the personal name Radek. Czech: from any of five places in Bohemia called Radec.

Polish: status name for a freedman, one who had been released from the feudal obligations of serfdom, from Polish wolny ‘free’. It may also have been a nickname meaning ‘free’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of various places called Kawcze or Kawki, named with kawka ‘jackdaw’.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: patronymic from Wojtek, a pet form of the personal name Wojciech (see Voytek).

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): occupational name from Polish tracz ‘sawyer’.

nickname from a dialect variant of Manka ‘left-hander’ (see Manka). metronymic from a pet form of Maria.

English and Scottish: occupational name for a miller. The standard modern vocabulary word represents the northern Middle English term, an agent derivative of mille ‘mill’, reinforced by Old Norse mylnari (see Milner). In southern, western, and central England Millward (literally, ‘mill keeper’) was the usual term. The American surname has absorbed many cognate surnames from other European languages, for example French Meunier, Dumoulin, Demoulins, and Moulin; German Mueller; Dutch Molenaar; Italian Molinaro; Spanish Molinero; Hungarian Molnár; Slavic Mlinar, etc. Southwestern and Swiss German and Jewish (Ashkenazic): variant of Müller (see Mueller).

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish, Ukrainian, and Jewish (Ashkenazic): nickname from Polish kogut or Ukrainian kohut ‘rooster’. Compare Kohut, Kohout.

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name from Kalisz in west central Poland, which probably derives its name from Old Polish kal ‘muddy place’, ‘slough’.

variant of Kulik ‘curlew’. from kulig ‘carnival’, ‘sledging cavalcade’, perhaps a nickname for someone who organized or took place in such a cavalcade.

Slovenian, Croatian, Czech, and Polish: nickname from kos ‘blackbird’, denoting someone thought to resemble the bird in some way, for example someone with a good singing voice. This is a very common surname in Slovenia and Croatia. Czech and Sorbian (Koš): metonymic occupational name for a basketmaker, from koš ‘basket’. German (Kös): possibly a nickname for a gossip or a smooth-talker, from Middle High German kose, koese ‘talk’, ‘chat’. Compare Koser. Jewish (Ashkenazic): of uncertain origin. It may be an ornamental name from Slavic kos ‘blackbird’, as in 1, or alternatively it may be from Hebrew kos ‘drinking glass’ or Yiddish kos ‘goblet’, ‘cup’, probably applied as a metonymic occupational name for someone who made glasses or cups. Dutch: from a Zeeland personal name derived from Constantius (see Constant). Hungarian (Kós): from a Turkish loanword kos ‘ram’ (from Old Turkish qoc, Ottoman Turkish qoç); perhaps a metonymic occupational name for a shepherd but more probably a nickname for someone thought to resemble the animal.

Polish, Czech, and Slovenian; Slovak (Lenárt): from the personal name Lenart (see Leonard). Hungarian (Lénárt): from the Hungarian personal name Lénárt, Hungarian form of Leonard.

English (Norfolk): from Middle English pilch, a metonymic occupational name for a maker or seller of pilches or a nickname for a habitual wearer of these. A pilch (from Late Latin pellicia, a derivative of pellis ‘skin’, ‘hide’) was a kind of coarse leather garment with the hair or fur still on it. Polish: nickname from Old Polish pilch ‘gray squirrel’. Jewish (from Ukraine): metonymic occupational name from Yiddish piltsh ‘felt’ (see 1).

Polish: habitational name for someone from Stawik, the name of settlements in Kielce, Kraków, and Lublin voivodeships and of a place now in Ukraine.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Ruda ornRudka, named with Polish ruda ‘iron ore’. AC

English, French, Dutch, Slovenian, Croatian, and Jewish (Ashkenazic): from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements heri, hari ‘army’ + man ‘man’. As a Jewish surname this is no doubt an adoption of the German surname Hermann. Respelling of the German cognate Hermann.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of various places called Kruki, Kruków, or Krukowo, named with kruk ‘raven’.

Polish: from dialect lesiak ‘forester’. Slovenian: topographic name for someone living in a forest or woodland, from les ‘forest’, ‘scrub’. Slovenian: possibly also a respelling of Lisjak, a nickname for a cunning person, from lisjak ‘fox’.

Polish: nickname from kawka ‘jackdaw’.

Muslim and Hindu (mainly Panjab): status name from a title meaning ‘lord’, ‘ruler’, ‘chief’, from Arabic malik ‘king’. In the subcontinent this is often found as a title for the headman of a village. In Islam Al-Malik ‘the King’ is one of the attributes of Allah, regarded as ‘the king of mankind’ (Qur’an 114:2), and this word is used in combination in names such as ?Abd-ul Malik ‘servant of the King’. This was the name of an Umayyad khalif (685–705). Czech, Slovak (Malík), and Slovenian: nickname for a small person, from a pet form of a vocabulary word meaning ‘small’ (Polish maly, Czech malý ‘small’, Slovenian mali). Compare Maly.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish (also Kossowski) and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from any of various places called Kosowa, Kos(s)ów, Kos(s)owo, or Kossewo, named with kos ‘blackbird’.

“White” in Polish. Also from place name Bielsko, Poland.

Polish: regional name for someone from Kujawy (see Kujawa) or from a village called Kujawy, for example in Sielce voivodeship.

Polish: metonymic occupational name for a mustard grower, from gorczyca ‘white mustard’.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from the villages of Krasowa, Krasów, or Krasowa.

Polish: from the personal name Roszak, a short form of Roscislaw, which is composed of the Slavic elements rosti ‘to grow’ + slav ‘glory’.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: from a pet form of Banadyk, variant spelling of the personal name Benedykt, a vernacular form of Benedictus (see Benedict).

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from the city of Kraków in Poland.

Polish and Czech (Dýmek): nickname from a diminutive of Polish dym, Czech dým ‘smoke’.

Variant spelling of Solomon, the usual spelling in Hungarian and Slovenian (Šalamon) and a common variant in German, Dutch, Polish, English, and other languages. Compare Salomon, Suleiman.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): from Polish sojka, sójka ‘jay’, applied as a nickname, or, among Jews, as an ornamental surname.

Polish: from a diminutive of rataj ‘plowman’.

Polish: occupational name for a worker in an iron-ore mine, from annagent noun based on Slavic ruda ‘iron ore’. AC

topographic name from trel ‘place in the forest where felled timber lies’; perhaps also a metonymic occupational name for a lumberjack. nickname from trel ‘trill’.

Polish: nickname from dziura ‘hole’, also applied to a place that was a ‘hole’ and for someone who never stopped talking.

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Tomasz (see Thomas).

Polish: occupational name for someone who cleared land for cultivation, Polish kopacz, from kopac ‘to dig’.

Polish: patronymic from Dutka or Dutko.

Polish: nickname from German mager ‘lean’, ‘thin’ (see Mager).

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): ethnic name for a Muscovite, also used to refer to Russians in general (often with a slightly pejorative sense).

English: habitational name from Bury in Lancashire (now part of Greater Manchester), or from some other similarly named place. The place name comes from the dative case, byrig, of Old English burh ‘fortified place’. Compare Burke, originally used after a preposition (e.g. Richard atte Bery). French: habitational name from places so named in Marne and Oise. The place name is from Buriacum, the name of a Gallo-Roman estate, composed of the personal name Burius + the locative suffix -acum. German: probably a variant spelling of Buri. According to Gottschald, however, it is from French Purry. Czech (Burý): topographic name from bur ‘pine wood’. Czech (Burý): descriptive nickname from burý ‘dark’.

Romanian, Polish, Czech, and other European: from the personal name Filip, a vernacular form of the Greek personal name Philippos (see Philip).

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish and Jewish (Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from any of the many places called Dzikowo or Dzików, from Polish dzik ‘wild boar’ + the possessive suffix -ów, often used in forming place names.

Polish: possibly from a derivative of dolatac ‘to reach one’s destination’, ‘to arrive’, presumably applied as a nickname, or alternatively as a topographic name from the dialect word dolaty ‘valley’, ‘flat country’.

Catalan, French, English, German (also Romann), Polish, Hungarian (Román), Romanian, Ukrainian, and Belorussian: from the Latin personal name Romanus, which originally meant ‘Roman’. This name was borne by several saints, including a 7th-century bishop of Rouen. English, French, and Catalan: regional or ethnic name for someone from Rome or from Italy in general, or a nickname for someone who had some connection with Rome, as for example having been there on a pilgrimage. Compare Romero.

Polish, German, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): from Polish litwin, an ethnic name for someone from Lithuania (Polish Litwa, Lithuanian Lietuva, a word of uncertain etymology, perhaps a derivative of the river name Leità). In the 14th century Lithuania was an independent grand duchy which extended from the Baltic to the shores of the Black Sea. It was united with Poland in 1569, and was absorbed into the Russian empire in 1795. The region referred to as Lite in Ashkenazic culture encompassed not only Lithuania but also Latvia, Estonia, Belarus, parts of northern Ukraine, and parts of northeastern Poland. English: from an Old English personal name, Leohtwine, composed of the elements leoht ‘light’, ‘bright’ + wine ‘friend’.

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Jurek (see Jura).

Polish: nickname from warzecha ‘ladle’.

from Polish and Czech Sobota ‘Saturday’, a name bestowed on or taken by someone who was born, baptized, or registered on a Saturday, especially an adult convert to Christianity. derivative of the personal name Sobieslaw (see Sobczak).

Polish: from a diminutive of mielcarz ‘maltster’. Compare German Meltzer.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of the many places called Paproc, Paprotki, Paprotno, or Paproty, named with paproc ‘fern’. In some cases it may be a topographic name for someone who lived in a place where ferns grew in abundance.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Jurek (see Jura).

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Paszek.

Polish, Ukrainian, and Jewish (from Ukraine): nickname from Ukrainian and Yiddish makukh, Polish makuch ‘linseed oil cake’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from places called Kraszew or Kraszewo, both named with the personal name Krasz, from krasic ‘to add color or seasoning’.

Polish and Czech: from a diminutive of Rus ‘Russian’ or fromnthe adjective rusy ‘strawberry blond’. DM, AC

Czech (Kožík): metonymic occupational name for a tanner or a leather merchant, from kuže ‘skin’, ‘leather’. Polish: from a pet form of kozia ‘nanny goat’ (see Koza). Polish: possibly also from kozik ‘clasp knife’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of various places called Roszkowo, Roszków, or Roszkowice, named with the personal name Roszek.

Polish, Czech, and Slovak: from a diminutive of ryba ‘fish’. In Czechnthe phrases zdravý, cilý jako rybka mean ‘as healthynas a fish’; the surname may derive from these idiomatic uses. DM,nAC

Polish: from an eastern Slavic form of the personal name Izydor, Greek Isidoros (see Isadore).

Polish: unflattering nickname from mierzwa ‘manure’, ‘muck’.

habitational name for someone from Piwowary, in Lom?za voivodeship. variant of Piwowar ‘brewer’, with the addition of the common surname suffix -ski.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: variant of Korzeniowski.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of various places called Pogorzel, Pogorzela, or Pogorzele, named with pogorzec ‘to burn down’. This is also found as a nickname for someone who had lost his property in a fire.

Polish and Jewish (Ashkenazic): from Polish karcz ‘stump’, presumably a nickname, or among Jews an ornamental name.

German: from a personal name composed of the Germanic elements war(in) ‘guard’ + heri, hari ‘army’. Compare Warner.

Polish: variant of Jezierski.

German, Jewish (Ashkenazic), and Polish: variant of German Guth.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: patronymic from a reduced form of the personal name Stanislaw (see Stanislaw).

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name from any of various places called Turowo or Turów, named with Polish tur ‘aurochs’. Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from Turov in Belarus (see Turoff).

Italian: topographic name from gola ‘mountain hollow’, ‘cavity’. Italian: variant of Cola. Polish: nickname from goly ‘naked’, ‘bare’, ‘bald’. Polish: topographic name gola ‘heath’, ‘moor’, ‘place without trees’. Indian (Himachal Pradesh, U. P.): Hindu (Prajapati) name of unknown meaning.

Polish, Slovak, Ukrainian, and Hungarian: nickname for someone with a comic appearance, from figura ‘figure’, ‘character’, ‘strange fellow’ (from Latin figura ‘form’, ‘shape’). Southern Italian: possibly from a short form of a personal name formed with figura ‘form’, ‘shape’ (Latin figura; possibly with the same meaning as in 1).

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): from a diminutive of kwiat ‘flower’, a metonymic occupational name for a grower or seller of flowers. As a Jewish name it is generally ornamental.

patronymic from the personal name name Wojciech (see Voytek). patronymic from wójt ‘village headman’ (see Wojcik).

Polish: nickname for a prankster, from figiel ‘trick’, ‘joke’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from places called Wyrziki in Ciechanów and Lom?za voivodeships, named with the personal name Wyrzyk (see Wyrick).

Polish: patronymic from Kozak.

Polish: nickname from kurzawa ‘whirling cloud of dust’.

Polish: habitational name from any of many places called Rzepki ornRzepedz, named with rzepa ‘turnip’. AC

Hungarian (also found in Poland): from the personal name Ferenc, a vernacular form of Latin Franciscus (see Francis).

Polish, Czech and Slovak: from a word meaning ‘bishop’, a local form of German Bischof, Greek episkopos ‘overseer’ (see Bishop). This was either an occupational name for someone in the service of a bishop or a nickname for someone thought to resemble a bishop in some way.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Slovenian (eastern Slovenia): nickname from the dialect word kokot ‘rooster’, ‘cock’.

Polish: from the personal name Banasz, a pet form of Benedykt, vernacular form of Latin Benedictus (see Benedict).

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of several places called Raczkowa, Raczkowo, or Raczków, named with raczek, diminutive of rak ‘crayfish’.

Polish: habitational name from Piechoty, in Tarnobrzeg voivodeship, or Piechota in Zamosc voivodeship.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: nickname from a derivative of cichy ‘quiet’, ‘calm’.

Polish: nickname from Polish bogacz ‘rich man’.

Polish: from a pet form or patronymic from the personal name Antoni (see Anthony).

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): occupational name from Polish tokarz ‘turner’.

Polish: from a short form of any of various Polish personal names beginning with Wa-, e.g. Waclaw (see Vacek) and Wawrziniec, Polish form of Latin Laurentius (see Lawrence). German (of Slavic origin): from a pet form of Wenzel.

nickname from czub ‘hair on top of the head’. nickname for a quarrelsome person, from czubic si{e,} ‘to quarrel’.

Polish: habitational name, probably from a place called Suchcice in Ostroleka voivodeship, named with suchta, derivative of suchy ‘dry’.

German and Scandinavian: variant of Lang. French (L’Ange): nickname from ange ‘angel’, with the definite article l’.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Bartlomiej (see Bartholomew).

Polish and Czech: from a derivative, influenced by German (see Lorenz), of the Latin personal name Laurentius (see Lawrence). This is a parallel development to the vernacular forms, Polish Wawrzyniec (see Wawrzyniak) and Czech Vavrín (see Vavra).

Polish: habitational name for someone from Perkowo in Bydgoszcz voivodeship or Perkowice in Leszno voivodeship.

Polish: topographic name for someone living by a willow or osier, from rokita ‘willow’, ‘osier’.

German and Jewish (Ashkenazic): status name for a steward on a farm or estate, from German hof(f) ‘manorfarm’, ‘courtyard’ + Mann ‘man’. Originally, this was a status name for a farmer who owned his own land as opposed to holding it by rent or feudal obligation, but the name soon came to denote the manager or steward of a manor farm, in which sense it is extremely frequent throughout central and eastern Europe; also among Jews, since many Jews held managerial positions on non-Jewish estates. This name is widespread throughout central and eastern Europe, not only in German-speaking lands.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name for someone from any of various places called Konary, from Polish konarze ‘grooms’. Polish: occupational name for a horse breeder or for someone who worked with horses, from Old Polish konarski ‘groom’, a derivative of kon ‘horse’.

Polish, Czech, and German (of Slavic origin): from a vernacular pet form of Peter.

Polish: patronymic from the personal names Waszko, a pet form of Wasyl (see Basil) or Iwan, a vernacular derivative of Latin Johannes (see John).

habitational name for someone from either Paradów in Leszno voivodeship or Paradowo (also Poradowo) in Konin voivodeship. nickname for a swaggerer, from paradowac ‘to swagger’, from parada ‘parade’, ‘display’, + the common surname suffix -ski.

First syllable: brod = Ford, Greek "phrat" like in "Euphrat".Second syllable: ow = Place.Third syllable: sky = Person belonging to this place or coming from this place.Together: Brodowsky = A person coming from the village or town by a ford, perhaps, a notable or important person coming from this village or town.

Polish: nickname or patronymic from kusy ‘short’ or ‘poor’, or from kusic ‘to tempt’.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: patronymic from Janek, a pet form of the personal name Jan.

Polish: nickname for a quarrelsome person, from niezgoda ‘discord’.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: from the personal name Franciszek, a vernacular form of Latin Franciscus (see Francis).

Polish, Ukrainian, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): from Polish bugaj, Ukrainian bugay ‘ox’, ‘bull’, hence a nickname for a big and vigorous man. The Polish word bugaj also means ‘bend in a river’; in some instances the surname may therefore be topographical.

Polish: patronymic from Lach.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): habitational name from any of various places called Potok. Polish: topographic name for someone who lived by a brook or stream, Polish potok.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Jaroszewo or Jaroszowce, places named with the personal name Jarosz.

Polish: topographic name for someone who lived na dole ‘lower down’, or na dolach ‘by the pits or caves’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Iwanowice in Suwalki voivodeship, or from Iwanowo in Czestochowa and Kalisz voivodeship, all named with the personal name Iwan.

Polish and Czech: unflattering or humorous nickname for a gambler or an idle or useless person, from Polish and Czech plichta ‘card of low value’. This name is also found in Germany.

Polish: occupational name from Polish kupiec ‘merchant’ (from a derivative of kupic ‘to buy’).

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): nickname for someone with black hair, from a Polish diminutive of kruk ‘raven’ (see Kruk).

Polish: from the personal name Oleksy (see Alexis).

Polish: from the personal name Olech, a pet form of Oleksy (see Alexis) or Oleksander (see Alexander).

Polish (also Kepa): from kepa ‘islet’. The same word is also applied to isolated clumps of trees and to tufts of grass; hence a topographic name for someone who lived on a small island or by an isolated clump of trees. German: variant of Kempe or Kempen.

Polish: nickname for a gambler, from kozera ‘cause’, ‘good reason’, also meaning ‘trumps’.

Polish: variant of Jaskólski (see Jaskolski). This name is also found in German-speaking lands.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of a number of places called Solec, named with sól ‘salt’.

Polish: nickname from nalepa ‘fireside corner’, ‘ingle nook’.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish (also Kukla) and Czech: from kukla ‘cowl’, ‘hood’, ‘mask’, probably a nickname bestowed on an habitual wearer of a hood or perhaps a metonymic occupational name for a hood or cowl maker. In Polish kukla, kukla also means a kind of bread roll and a puppet. This surname is also found in German-speaking countries.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of various places called Majkowice or Majków, named with the personal name Majek, a pet form of Maj.

Polish: either a habitational name from an unidentified place, or from Domaga{l-}a (see Domagala), with the addition of the surname suffix -ski.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland and Belarus): habitational name for someone from Bojary in Poland, or (in the case of the Jewish name) from Boyary in Belarus. Polish: nickname from bojar ‘boyar’ (a member of the old Russian aristocracy). Jewish (from Ukraine): habitational name for someone from Boyarka, a place in Ukraine.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: nickname from Polish dialect osuch, a word with several meanings: ‘withered tree’, ‘dry bread’, or ‘withered old man’.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Franek, a pet form of Franciszek, a vernacular form of Latin Franciscus (see Francis).

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Wach.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: from a derivative of the personal name Jakub, vernacular form of Latin Jacobus (see Jacob).

Polish: from dusza ‘soul’, probably a nickname in the sense ‘big-hearted’. Hungarian: see Duca.

German (also Wägner) and Jewish (Ashkenazic): occupational name for a carter or cartwright, from an agent derivative of Middle High German wagen ‘cart’, ‘wagon’, German Wagen. The German surname is also well established in Scandinavia, the Netherlands, eastern Europe, and elsewhere as well as in German-speaking countries.

Polish: nickname from the Old Polish and dialect term wielgus, denoting a big, tall, thickset man.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Czech (Pašek) and Polish (Paszek): from a pet form of the personal name Pavel or Pawel, respectively the Czech and Polish forms of Paul. Polish: nickname from pasek ‘little belt’, ‘girdle’, presumably applied to someone who wore a distinctive girdle.

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from any of the various places named Osów, Osowa, Osowo, Ossowo, Ossowa, etc., all named either with osowy (adjective) ‘aspen’ or with osa ‘wasp’.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: from Old Polish kawalec, modern kawalek ‘piece’, a nickname for someone who had only a small piece of something such as land or bread.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a lost place called Koprów or Koprowo, or from Koporów, now Kaporovka in Belarus. Jewish (from Poland): metonymic occupational name for a coppersmith, from Polish koprowy ‘of copper’.

Polish: patronymic from a pet form of the personal name Maciej (see Matthew).

Polish: habitational name from any of numerous places called Bugaj.

Polish: from a diminutive of pisarz ‘clerk’, ‘scribe’.

Polish: occupational name for a sawyer, from a diminutive of Tracz, or patronymic from Tracz.

Polish: patronymic from a pet form of the personal name Antoni (see Anthony).

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Southern French and Catalan: from the personal name Bernat (see Bernhard). Hungarian (Bernát): from the personal name Bernát, Hungarian form of Bernhard. Slovenian: from a derivative of the personal name Bernard. Compare Bernot.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of several places called Modrzewie, e.g. in Kielce voivodeship, all named with modrzew ‘larch’.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish, Czech, Slovenian, and Jewish (Ashkenazic): Slavic spelling of German Peltz ‘fur’, hence a metonymic occupational name for a furrier.

Polish: habitational name for someone from places called Okuniew or Okuniewo in Warszawa and Gdansk voivodeships.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: occupational name from a diminutive of smolarz ‘pitch burner’, from smola ‘pitch’.

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Wojciech (see Voytek).

Jewish (from Poland), Polish, Ukrainian, Belorussian, or Czech: from Polish aksamit ‘velvet’ or a cognate word in Czech, Ukrainian, Russian, or Belorussian. The etymology is clear, but not the application or ethnic origin.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: nickname from czerwony ‘red’, presumably a nickname for someone who had red hair or a ruddy complexion, or perhaps for someone who habitually wore red.

Polish: nickname from the dialect word garbacz ‘hunchback’, from garb ‘hump’.

Polish: from Old Polish or Polish dialect liszka ‘fox’, a nickname for a cunning person or for a redhead (see Lis 1).

Ukrainian and Polish: habitational name for someone from Iwaniec (now Iwonicz) in Krosno voivodeship, or Iwanki, Iwanovice, or other places named with the personal name Iwan.

Polish: status name for someone who lived in a wooden hut, drewniak, a derivative of drewno ‘timber’, ‘wood’.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Kostrzewice in Sieradz voivodeship or Kostrzewy in Kalisz voivodeship, both named with kostrzewa ‘fescue grass’.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Klimaszewnica or Klimasze in Lom?za voivodeship, so called from the personal name Klimasz, a pet form of Klemens, from the Latin personal name Clemens (see Clement).

Polish: descriptive epithet from jedynak ‘only child’.

Polish, Slovak, and Czech: nickname meaning ‘fellow countryman’, from Slavic rod ‘origin’, ‘birth’.

Polish: nickname for a fussy or broody person, from kokoszka ‘laying hen’.

Polish: habitational name from any of various places called Grab, Graby, or Grabia, from grab ‘hornbeam’.

Southern French and Catalan (Cabañ, Caban): possibly from Occitan caban, gaban ‘coat wth large sleeves’, applied as an occupational nickname for a Provençal farmer, or perhaps a topographic name, from a masculine form of cabana, cabanya ‘cabin’, ‘hut’ (Late Latin capanna). The form Cabañ would be the Castilianized form of Cabany.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Bartosz.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Kulików in Zamosc voivodeship, named with kulik ‘curlew’.

Polish: status name for a person who organized a new settlement, Old Polish zasadzca. The name has been altered by folk etymology to conform to the modern Polish word zasada ‘principle’, ‘basis’ (which formerly meant ‘trap’ or ‘ambush’).

Polish and Jewish (from Poland and Belarus): habitational name for someone from Kochanów or Kochanowo, both named from Polish kochac ‘to love’ (kochany ‘dear’).

Polish: nickname from a derivative of bury ‘auburn(-haired)’.

Polish: metonymic occupational name from maziarz ‘dealer in tar, wheel grease, or cart grease’, an agent noun derivative of mazac ‘to smear’.

Polish, Czech (Nosál), and Slovak (Nosál’): nickname for someone with a big nose.

Hungarian (Bátor) and Polish: nickname from Hungarian bátor ‘bold’ ‘brave’. In some cases the Hungarian name may be from the old secular personal name Bátor (which is from the vocabulary word). The Transylvanian Báthori dynasty of the 16th–17th centuries was named for one of the family’s estates, the village of Bátor. One of its rulers, István Báthori (Stefan Batory in Polish), became king of Poland, hence the spread of the name into Poland.

Polish: nickname from a derivative of piszcsec ‘squeal’, ‘squeak’, also used as an occupational nickname for a fife player.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from any of numerous places called Zborów in Poland and Ukraine, named with the personal name Zbor (a derivative of z bor ‘to fight together’) or possibly with Polish zbór ‘herd’.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: habitational name for someone from places called Pietrzyków, Pietrzikowo, or Pietrzykowice.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

In Polish the surname comes directly from the noun gaj, meaning 'grove' (as in olive groves).

Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): habitational name for someone from any of various places called Winnica or Winniki in Poland, or Vinnitsa in Ukraine.

Polish: from plewa ‘husk’, ‘shell’, an unflattering nickname for a lightweight, worthless man, or possibly a metonymic occupational name for someone whose job was to winnow grain.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Ludwik, Polish form of German Ludwig.

English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian (Dániel), Romanian, and Jewish: from the Hebrew personal name Daniel ‘God is my judge’, borne by a major prophet in the Bible. The major factor influencing the popularity of the personal name (and hence the frequency of the surname) was undoubtedly the dramatic story in the Book of Daniel, recounting the prophet’s steadfast adherence to his religious faith in spite of pressure and persecution from the Mesopotamian kings in whose court he served: Nebuchadnezzar and Belshazzar (at whose feast Daniel interpreted the mysterious message of doom that appeared on the wall, being thrown to the lions for his pains). The name was also borne by a 2nd-century Christian martyr and by a 9th-century hermit, the legend of whose life was popular among Christians during the Middle Ages; these had a minor additional influence on the adoption of the Christian name. Among Orthodox Christians in Eastern Europe the name was also popular as being that of a 4th-century Persian martyr, who was venerated in the Orthodox Church. Irish: reduced form of McDaniel, which is actually a variant of McDonnell, from the Gaelic form of Irish Donal (equivalent to Scottish Donald), erroneously associated with the Biblical personal name Daniel. See also O’Donnell.

Polish: nickname for a serious, grim, or unrefined person, from a derivative of surowy ‘raw’, ‘serious’. The word surowiec also means ‘raw material’.

Polish and Lithuanian: nickname from Latin culpa ‘fault’, ‘guilt’, a nickname for an apologetic person who frequently used the Latin expression mea culpa ‘my fault’.

Czech, Slovak, and Ukrainian: nickname for a large, loutish fellow, from the vocabulary word burda. Polish and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): nickname for a troublemaker, from Old Polish burda ‘disturbance’, ‘brawl’ (originally meaning ‘burden’, ‘load’).

possibly a nickname for a bony, angular person, from a derivative of kost ‘knucklebone’. more probably a derivative of the Latin personal name Constantius or Constantinus (see Kost, Constant, Constantine).

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of various places called Przybyszew or Przybyszewo.

German and Jewish (Ashkenazic): occupational name from Middle High German smit, German Schmied ‘blacksmith’. The German surname is found in many other parts of Europe, from Slovenia to Sweden.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: from a derivative of cyranka ‘teal’, hence a nickname for someone thought to resemble the bird in some way.

Polish: status name from Polish wajda ‘leader of Gypsies’.

nickname from Polish wydra ‘otter’. possibly from wydrzec ‘to pluck’, ‘to tear away’, hence a nickname for someone who seized something from someone else.

Polish: habitational name from Kornaty in Konin voivodeship, probably named with korny ‘humble’, or from the use of this adjective as a nickname.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Makary (see Makar).

Italian, Catalan, Portuguese, southern French (Occitan), and Romanian: from sala ‘hall’, hence a topographic name or an occupational name for someone employed at a hall or manor house. Both the Italian and Catalan names may also be of habitational origin: in the case of Italian, from (amongst others) Sala Biellese (Biella province), Sala Consilina (Salerno province), and Sala Monferrato (Alessandria), and in the case of Catalan from places called Sala or La Sala. This name is very common in Catalonia. Spanish, Asturian-Leonese, and Aragonese: in some cases, habitational name from places called Sala (Asturies and Aragón) or La Sala (Asturies). Hungarian: from a short form of the Biblical name Salamon (see Solomon). Muslim: variant of Salah.

Polish form of German Friedrich.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: unflattering nickname from Polish furtak ‘trifler’, ‘frivolous person’.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of several places called Kozice, named with koza ‘nanny goat’ (see Koza).

Polish: derivative of Walek.

German and Jewish (Ashkenazic): occupational name for a weaver, Middle High German wëber, German Weber, an agent derivative of weben ‘to weave’. This name is widespread throughout central and eastern Europe, being found for example as a Czech, Polish, Slovenian, and Hungarian name.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: habitational name for someone from places called Zawisty in Lom?za and Ostroleka voivodeships.

This surname is derived from an official title. or nick, 'a baron,' or a man who put on an air of dignity such as might become a baron. Middle English baron and barun.Osbert le Barun, Close Roll, 2 Edward I.Richard le Baron, Devon, 1273.

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Grzegorz, from Latin Gregorius (see Gregory).

Polish (Klimasz): from the personal name Klimas, a vernacular form of Latin Clemens (see Clement).

Polish, Czech (Rychlík) and Slovak (Rýchlik): nickname from an agent nounnderived from Polish rychly ‘speedy’, ‘forthcoming’, Czechnrychlý , Slovak rýchly ‘quick’. AC, DM

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Nikolaus (Polish form Mikolaj), or possibly a Polonized form of German Nitz.

Polish: habitational name from places called Mieczkowo, Mieczków, and Mieczk, named with a derivative of mieci- ‘to throw’, or from the personal name Miecislaw.

Polish, Ukrainian, Czech, and Slovak: topographic name from Polish and Ukrainian buda, Czech bouda ‘hut’, ‘cabin’, ‘shack’, ‘stall’. Polish and Ukrainian: from a short form of any of various compound personal names beginning with Budzi-. Czech and Slovak: from a short form of the Czech personal name Budislav, composed of the elements budi- ‘to awaken or inspire’ + slav ‘glory’, or of any other personal name formed with budi- as the first element. Hungarian: habitational name from the name of the old capital of Hungary (see Budai). Slovenian (western Slovenia): perhaps a derivative from buditi ‘to awaken’.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: patronymic from the personal name Marcinek, a pet form of Marcin (see Martin).

Polish: nickname for an empty chatterer, from duldac ‘to make a loud tinkling noise’. Dutch: nickname from Middle Dutch dul, dol ‘foolish’, ‘feeble-minded’. Hungarian: from the old secular personal name Dúl.

Czech and Slovak (Chudý); and Ukrainian: nickname from Czech and Slovak chudý ‘poor’, ‘poverty-stricken’, Ukrainian khudyj. Altered spelling of Swiss German Tschudy, Tschudi, a nickname for someone with thick, disheveled hair or for a silly person.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of the many placesnin Poland called Rybaki, named with ryba ‘fish’. AC

Polish: habitational name for someone from Czaplice, which is named with czapla ‘heron’.

Polish (Lasek): nickname from lasy ‘fond’, ‘keen’. Polish: topographic name for someone who lived in a forest, from a diminutive of las ‘forest’. Czech (Moravian; Lašek): from a pet form of the personal name (V)ladislav (see Laszlo). Czech: diminutive of Lach, in the sense ‘Pole’ or ‘northeast Moravian’.

Polish spelling of the personal name Ivan, East Slavic form of Jan (see John).

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Pawel, Polish form of Paul, or some other personal name beginning with Pa-. Compare Pacek.

Polish, Czech, and Slovak (Rakyta): from Slavic rokita ‘osier’, a topographic name for someone living where osiers grew, or a metonymic occupational name for a basket maker who made baskets out of osier branches.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: from a pet form of the personal name Jan.

Czech, Polish, Ukrainian, and eastern German (of Slavic origin): from the personal name Mach, a pet form of a vernacular derivative of Latin Matthaeus or Mathias (Czech Matej, Polish Maciej, etc. (see Matthew)). In some cases, the Czech and Polish names represent pet forms of other names beginning with Ma-, for example Marek (see Mark) or Martin. possibly also an Americanized spelling of Hungarian Mács, from a pet form of Máté or Mátyás, Hungarian forms of Matthew. Jewish (Ashkenazic): unexplained. Vietnamese, Cambodian, or other Southeast Asian: unexplained.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: variant of Kozera.

Polish, Ukrainian, and Belorussian: topographic name for someone who lived ‘on the other side of the wood’, from Polish za ‘beyond’ + las ‘forest’, with the addition of -ski, suffix of local surnames, or a habitational name for someone from a place called Zalesie, named with these elements. As a habitational name, it is also found as an Ashkenazic Jewish name. Polish (Zaleski): topographic name for someone who lived ‘on the other side of the water meadow’, from Polish za ‘beyond’ + leg ‘water meadow’. Polish: variant of Zalewski.

Polish and Jewish (from Poland): from a pet form of the Slavic personal name Stanislav, Polish Stanislaw (see Stanislaw) + the Germanic diminutive suffix -il.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: from a pet form of the personal names Wasyl (see Basil) or Iwan, a vernacular derivative of Latin Johannes (see John).

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of various places in Poland called Tur, Tursko, or Turza, all named with tur ‘aurochs’.

Polish: habitational name from Czapiewice in Bydgoszcz province.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: from the Old Polish personal name Zawisza, which is possibly a derivative of zawist ‘jealousy’, ‘envy’.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: variant of Wasilewski.

Polish: variant of Kaleta. Indian (Assam): Hindu name of unknown origin.

Polish: patronymic from a pet form of the personal name Jakub, vernacular form of Latin Jacobus (see Kubek).

Polish: habitational name for someone from Wilczewo in Lom?za voivodeship, named with Polish wilk ‘wolf’.

Polish: occupational name from Polish pilarczyk, diminutive of pilarz ‘sawyer’ or ‘saw maker’.

Polish: variant of Biernacki.

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of various places called Osieck, Osiecko, or Osiek, named with osiek a topographic term denoting low-lying fertile land, i.e. meadowland.

habitational name from either of two places named Pisary, in Kraków and Tarnobrzeg voivodeships. derivative of Pisarz, occupational name for a clerk or scribe (from pisac ‘to write’) + the common surname suffix -ski.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Zator near Oswiecim in southern Poland. The word zator denotes a place where a river became blocked by ice in winter.

habitational name for someone from Kaspry in Olsztyn voivodeship, one of the six Lithuanian villages called Kasperyszki (Lithuanian Kasperiškiai), or any of several other places named with the personal name Kasper, Kaspar (see Casper). patronymic from the personal name Kasper, used in Poland by both Christians and Jews.

Polish: habitational name from a place called Bartniki.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: from a derivative of the personal name Walenty, Polish form of Latin Valentinus (see Valentine). Possibly a reduced and altered form of the Lithuanian family name Valavicius or Valasevicius.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

German, Danish, and Jewish (Ashkenazic): nickname for a newcomer to a place, from Middle High German niuwe, German neu ‘new’ + Middle High German man, German Mann ‘man’.

Czech: from a short form of the personal name Mikuláš, Czech form of Nicholas.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Bojanow or Bojanowo.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Grzegorzowice or Grzegorzewice, both named with the personal name Grzegorz, Latin Gregorius (see Gregory).

Polish: habitational name for someone from any of several places called Radzikowo or Radzików.

Polish (O?zga): nickname from Polish o?zga ‘fire’, applied to a shabby person, metaphorically ‘victim of a fire’.

Polish, Ukrainian (Machnyk), Czech (Machník), and Slovak (Machnic): from a derivative of the personal name Mach (see Mach).

from Middle Low German krevet ‘crab’, ‘crayfish’ (see Krebs), a metonymic occupational name for a catcher or seller of these shellfish or a nickname for someone thought to resemble a crab. variant of Kraft.

Polish, Croatian (eastern Croatia), Slovenian, and Jewish (Ashkenazic): Slavicized and Yiddishized form of German Müller, an occupational name for a miller (see Mueller).

Polish: nickname from gi?za ‘hind leg of an ox or swine’, possibly applied as a metonymic occupational name for a butcher. Albanian (Gjizë): occupational name for a maker or seller of cheese, from gjizë ‘skim-milk cheese’. In the form Gizas this is also found as a Greek and Aromanian family name.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

Polish: patronymic from a pet form of the personal name Jacek.

Polish, Czech, Slovak, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): metonymicnoccupational name, nickname, or an ornamental name from the commonnSlavic word ryba ‘fish’. As an occupational name it may havendenoted a fisherman or a seller of fish. As a nickname it may havenbeen bestowed on account of some fancied physical resemblance to anfish. AC, DM, AB

habitational name for someone from any of various places called Bartkowa, Bartkowo, or Bartków. from a derivative of the personal name Bartek.

Dutch, German, and Polish: from Latin pater ‘father’, also used to denote the father superior in a religious order, hence probably a nickname for a solemn or pompous man.

Polish and Jewish (from Lithuania): habitational name for someone from a place called Klonów, named with Polish klon ‘maple tree’ + the possessive suffix -ów.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

The meaning of this surname is not listed.

German (of Slavic origin): from a pet form of Lorenz.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Malczewo in Poznan voivodeship, or Malczew in Radom voivodeship.

This surname is derived from an occupation. 'the taborer,' a player on the tabor or tabour (compare tambourine), a small drum. There are many entries of this vocation. With the shortened Taber or Tabor, compare Pepper for Pepperer.John le Taburer, Norfolk, 1273.

Polish, Slovak, and Czech (Moravian): occupational name from the vocabulary word gazda ‘highland farmer’, ‘uplander’. Hungarian: status name from the vocabulary word gazda ‘farmer’, in particular a relatively well-off smallholder. The word is of Slavic origin, as in 1 above, but the meaning in Hungarian is different.

Polish: habitational name for someone from a place called Wachów in Czestochowa voivodeship.

Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, and Slovak (Komár), Slovenian, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): from komar ‘gnat’, ‘mosquito’, hence a nickname for a small, insignificant, or annoying person.

Polish, Slovak (Chrobák), and Ukrainian: derogatory nickname meaning ‘small worm or insect’.

Polish: nickname from motyl ‘butterfly’.

Polish: nickname from dzik ‘wild boar’. Ukrainian: unexplained.

Polish: habitational name for someone from Truszków in Lublin voivodeship.